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The widening gap in mortality by educational level in the Russian Federation, 1980-2001

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  • Murphy, M.
  • Bobak, M.
  • Nicholson, A.
  • Rose, R.
  • Marmot, M.

Abstract

Objectives. We examined trends in the relation between educational level and adult mortality in the Russian Federation in the period 1989 through 2001. Methods. We used a convenience cohort based on survey respondents' information about age, survival status, and educational level of close relatives, and applied modified indirect demographic techniques to stratify mortality rates by educational level in the study period. A random sample of 7172 respondents (response rate = 61%) provided full information on 10440 relatives. Results. The mortality advantage of better-educated men and women in 1980 increased substantially by 2001. In 1980, life expectancy at age 20 for university-educated men was 3 years greater than for men with elementary education only, but was 11 years greater by 2001, reflecting not only declining life expectancy in less-educated men but also an improvement among better-educated men. Similar patterns were seen in women. Conclusions. The well-documented mortality increases seen in Russia after 1990 have predominantly affected less-educated men and women, whereas the mortality of persons with university education has improved, resulting in a sharp increase in educational-level mortality differentials.

Suggested Citation

  • Murphy, M. & Bobak, M. & Nicholson, A. & Rose, R. & Marmot, M., 2006. "The widening gap in mortality by educational level in the Russian Federation, 1980-2001," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 96(7), pages 1293-1299.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2004.056929_1
    DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2004.056929
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    1. Laura Paalanen & Ritva Prättälä & Hannele Palosuo & Satu Helakorpi & Tiina Laatikainen, 2010. "Socio-economic differences in the use of dairy fat in Russian and Finnish Karelia, 1994–2004," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 55(4), pages 325-337, August.
    2. Benach, Joan & Padilla-Pozo, Álvaro & Martínez-Herrera, Eliana & Molina-Betancur, Juan Camilo & Gutiérrez, Manuela & Pericàs, Juan M. & Gutiérrez-Zamora Navarro, Mariana & Zografos, Christos, 2022. "What do we know about the impact of economic recessions on mortality inequalities? A critical review," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 296(C).
    3. Marc Luy, 2012. "Estimating Mortality Differences in Developed Countries From Survey Information on Maternal and Paternal Orphanhood," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 49(2), pages 607-627, May.
    4. Todd, Megan A. & Shkolnikov, Vladimir M. & Goldman, Noreen, 2016. "Why are well-educated Muscovites more likely to survive? Understanding the biological pathways," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 138-147.
    5. Elizabeth Brainerd, 2021. "Mortality in Russia Since the Fall of the Soviet Union," Comparative Economic Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Association for Comparative Economic Studies, vol. 63(4), pages 557-576, December.
    6. Mark R. Cullen & Michael Baiocchi & Karen Eggleston & Pooja Loftus & Victor Fuchs, 2015. "The Weaker Sex? Vulnerable Men, Resilient Women, and Variations in Sex Differences in Mortality since 1900," NBER Working Papers 21114, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    7. Norman, Paul & Boyle, Paul & Exeter, Daniel & Feng, Zhiqiang & Popham, Frank, 2011. "Rising premature mortality in the UK’s persistently deprived areas: Only a Scottish phenomenon?," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 73(11), pages 1575-1584.
    8. Jiaoling Huang & Qin Zhu & Jing Guo, 2020. "Can Health Disparity Be Eliminated? The Role of Family Doctor Played in Shanghai, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-15, July.
    9. Lucia Bosakova & Katarina Rosicova & Daniela Filakovska Bobakova & Martin Rosic & Dagmar Dzurova & Hynek Pikhart & Michala Lustigova & Paula Santana, 2019. "Mortality in the Visegrad countries from the perspective of socioeconomic inequalities," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 64(3), pages 365-376, April.
    10. Antonio Fernando Boing & S. V. Subramanian & Alexandra Crispim Boing, 2019. "Reducing socioeconomic inequalities in life expectancy among municipalities: the Brazilian experience," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 64(5), pages 713-720, June.
    11. Loretta G. Platts, 2015. "A prospective analysis of labour market status and self-rated health in the UK and Russia," The Economics of Transition, The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, vol. 23(2), pages 343-370, April.

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