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Global Trends in Gender Equality

Author

Listed:
  • Stephanie Seguino

    (Department of Economics, University of Vermont, USA)

Abstract

This paper assesses country and regional trends in gender inequality since 1990 in three domains: capabilities, livelihoods, and agency. The data offer evidence of substantial improvements in education, a component of the capabilities domain. There has been some modest but uneven progress in the livelihoods domain, particularly with regard to employment. In contrast, there is a reversal in progress towards job integration, as evidenced by a decline in the ratio of the share of women employed in the industrial sector relative to men. Also, global stress in labor markets has reduced men's access to employment in some countries, making the progress to date potentially gender conflictive. Agency, measured as the female share of parliamentary seats, has also made only modest progress. These results suggest the need for an expanded focus beyond just educational equality to livelihoods, where gender gaps are wider than in education and stubbornly persistent.

Suggested Citation

  • Stephanie Seguino, 2016. "Global Trends in Gender Equality," Journal of African Development, African Finance and Economic Association (AFEA), vol. 18(1), pages 1-30.
    • Handle: RePEc:afe:journl:v:18:y:2016:i:1:p:1-30
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    File URL: http://www.afeawpapers.org/RePEc/afe/afe-journl/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/02_Seguino_rev1.pdf
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Lewis Davis & Jia Gao, 2020. "Preferences or Patriarchy: Why Do Religious Women Work Less?," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 147(1), pages 287-310, January.
    2. Karin Astrid Siegmann & Hadia Majid, 2021. "Empowering Growth in Pakistan?," The Indian Journal of Labour Economics, Springer;The Indian Society of Labour Economics (ISLE), vol. 64(2), pages 309-331, June.
    3. Frank ELBERS & Ana-Maria GRIGORE, 2018. "The Gender Gap: Past, Present and Perspectives," REVISTA DE MANAGEMENT COMPARAT INTERNATIONAL/REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE MANAGEMENT, Faculty of Management, Academy of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania, vol. 19(5), pages 504-515, December.
    4. Arora, Diksha & Braunstein, Elissa & Seguino, Stephanie, 2023. "A macro analysis of gender segregation and job quality in Latin America," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).
    5. Tabitha Knight, 2022. "Women’s Employment and Public Spending: A Cross-Country Study," International Advances in Economic Research, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 28(1), pages 1-17, May.
    6. Shaianne T. Osterreich, 2019. "Gender and Comparative Advantage: Feminist–Heterodox Theorizing about Globalization," Economies, MDPI, vol. 7(2), pages 1-12, May.
    7. Davis, Lewis S. & Williamson, Claudia R., 2019. "Does individualism promote gender equality?," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 1-1.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Gender Inequality; domestic health; education; employment;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I14 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health and Inequality
    • I24 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Education and Inequality
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination

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