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Sustainable Level Debt, Expansionary Austerity, and Fiscal Consolidation Theories: A Critical Analysis العجز الحكومي المستدام ونظريات التقشف التوسعي والدمج المالي: تحليل نقدي

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  • Muhamed Zulkhibri

    (Senior Economist, Islamic Research and Training Institute Islamic Development Bank, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

This commentary critically analyzes the debate between ‘deficit financing’ and ‘deficit-reduction financing’ in contemporary economics. Reading through the paper by Ann Pettifor (2019), one gets the impression that deficits don’t matter and that fiscal consolidation has not improved the public finances, at least for the advanced economies. Although Pettifor manages to pinpoint some of the fundamental errors in contemporary economic discussions on deficit financing, her paper puts undue emphasis on Keynes’s approach to public spending. Keynes’s argument was that increases in government spending will improve growth by boosting purchasing power into the economy. However, she fails to notice the basic problem with debt, that it keeps countries from investing in future growth. A more fundamental question to this debate should be to address the issues surrounding the sustainability of debt and the most effective means to reduce debt to sustainable levels. Therefore, fiscal restraint should be taken as an opportunity to make an economic virtue out of fiscal necessity, not to be politicized by politicians and policymakers to increase unnecessary and wasteful gov-ernment spending that would expose countries to a higher degree of economic vulnerability. تطرح هذه الورقة تحليلا ناقدا للجدل القائم بين تمويل العجز وتمويل خفض العجز في الاقتصاد المعاصر. ويمكننا أن نستشف من ورقة آن بيتيفور(2019) بأن العجز ليس له أهمية كبرى، وبأن الاندماج المالي ليس من شأنه أن يعزز المالية العامة بالنسبة للاقتصادات المتقدمة على أقل تقدير. وعلى الرغم من أن بيتيفور قد أشارت إلى بعض الأخطاء الجوهرية في المناقشات الاقتصادية المعاصرة بشأن تمويل العجز، فإن الورقة بأكملها تؤكد بشدة على نهج كينيز للإنفاق العام، الذي تتمحور حجته في أن الإنفاق الحكومي – وتحديدا الزيادة في الإنفاق الحكومي – ينعش النمو من خلال دعم القوة الشرائية في الاقتصاد. وعلى الرغم من ذلك، فقد فشلت الباحثة في تحديد المشكلة الأساسية المتعلقة بالديون، وهي أنها تمنع الدول مستقبلا من الاستثمار في النمو. أما السؤال الأكثر جوهرية في هذا النقاش فيتمثل في القضايا ذات العلاقة بالقدرة على تحمل الديون، والوسائل الأكثر فعالية لتخفيض الديون إلى مستويات مستدامة. ولذا فإنه ينبغي النظر إلى ضبط الميزانية على أنه فرصة لخلق مزايا اقتصادية من الاحتياج المالي، وليس لتسييسه من قبل السياسيين وصانعي السياسات لزيادة الإنفاق الحكومي غير الضروري والإسراف الذي من شأنه أن يعرض الدول إلى درجات أعلى من الضعف الاقتصادي.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhamed Zulkhibri, 2019. "Sustainable Level Debt, Expansionary Austerity, and Fiscal Consolidation Theories: A Critical Analysis العجز الحكومي المستدام ونظريات التقشف التوسعي والدمج المالي: تحليل نقدي," Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics, King Abdulaziz University, Islamic Economics Institute., vol. 32(1), pages 111-118, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:abd:kauiea:v:32:y:2019:i:1:no:8:p:111-118
    DOI: 10.4197/Islec.32-1.8
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Giavazzi, Francesco & Alesina, Alberto & Favero, Carlo A., 2012. "The output effect of fiscal consolidations," CEPR Discussion Papers 9105, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
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    4. Carmen M. Reinhart & Kenneth S. Rogoff, 2010. "Growth in a Time of Debt," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 100(2), pages 573-578, May.
    5. Sutherland, Alan, 1997. "Fiscal crises and aggregate demand: can high public debt reverse the effects of fiscal policy?," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 65(2), pages 147-162, August.
    6. Shigeki Kunieda, 2015. "Is Alesina fs Argument on the Tax-Spending Mix in Fiscal Consolidation Applicable to Japan?," Public Policy Review, Policy Research Institute, Ministry of Finance Japan, vol. 11(2), pages 303-332, March.
    7. Alberto Alesina & Silvia Ardagna, 2010. "Large Changes in Fiscal Policy: Taxes versus Spending," NBER Chapters, in: Tax Policy and the Economy, Volume 24, pages 35-68, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
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    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Deficit financing; Budget deficit; Government spending; Fiscal consolidation. تمويل العجز، عجز الميزانية، الإنفاق الحكومي، الدمج المالي.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E62 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Fiscal Policy; Modern Monetary Theory
    • H30 - Public Economics - - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents - - - General
    • H50 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - General
    • H62 - Public Economics - - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt - - - Deficit; Surplus
    • H63 - Public Economics - - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt - - - Debt; Debt Management; Sovereign Debt

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