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Developing an Index of Socio-Economic Development Consistent with Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah تطوير مؤشر للتنمية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية متوافق مع مقاصد الشريعة

Author

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  • Salman Ahmed Shaikh

    (PhD Scholar in Economics, National University of Malaysia)

Abstract

Human Development Index (HDI) is the most widely used index for assessing the level of economic development; however, it does not account explicitly for environmental degradation, social infrastructure, income distribution and poverty. This study strives to assist in building a comprehensive index that covers these elements which are considered important for ensuring sustainable development and that are also reflective of the maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah. Our findings represent striking differences between HDI and Extended HDI (E-HDI) rankings as we studied the position of 108 countries divided into non-OIC high-income countries (39 countries), non-OIC middle-income countries (26 countries) and OIC Muslim countries (43 countries). Among the 43 Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) countries in our sample, 16 OIC countries improve their ranking in E-HDI as compared to HDI. Interestingly, other than Iraq, all of the OIC countries which improve their ranking are relatively poorer and non-oil rich countries. Strikingly, all 39 non-OIC high-income countries in our sample go down in E-HDI ranking as compared to their respective rank in HDI. Contrastingly, all non-OIC middle-income countries except Romania perform much better in E-HDI as compared to HDI. The top 19 countries in E-HDI all comprise of non-OIC middle-income countries in our sample. It shows that the broad-based indicators that we have included to account for non-income development aspects consistent with maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah make a significant impact on the rankings. مؤشر التنمية البشرية (HDI) هو المؤشر الأكثر استخداماً لتقييم مستوى التنمية الاقتصادية. ومع ذلك، فإنه لا يأخذ في الحسبان بشكل واضح التدهور البيئي، والبنية التحتية الاجتماعية، وتوزيع الدخل والفقر. تسعى هذه الدراسة للمساعدة في بناء مؤشر شامل يغطي هذه العناصر التي تعتبر مهمة لضمان التنمية المستدامة والتي تعكس مقاصد الشريعة أيضا. وتظهر نتائج البحث الاختلافات البارزة بين مؤشر التنمية البشرية العادية (HDI) ومؤشر التنمية البشرية الممتدة (E-HDI) حيث قمنا بدراسة حالة 108 دولة مقسمة إلى دول مرتفعة الدخل (39 دولة) ودول متوسطة الدخل (26 دولة) ودول منظمة المؤتمر الإسلامي (43 دولة). فمن بين دول منظمة المؤتمر الإسلامي، تحسن ترتيب 16 دولة في مؤشر التنمية البشرية الممتدة (E-HDI) مقارنة بمؤشر التنمية البشرية العادية (HDI). والجدير بالذكر أن هذه الدول الـ 16، عدا العراق، هي من الدول الأكثر فقراً نسبياً وليست غنية بالنفط. وعلى العكس من ذلك فإن جميع الدول ذوات الدخل المرتفع (39 دولة من خارج دول منظمة المؤتمر الإسلامي)، جاءت في ترتيب متأخر في مؤشر التنمية البشرية الممتدة (E-HDI) مقارنة بمؤشر التنمية البشرية العادية (HDI). وعلى النقيض من ذلك فإن جميع الدول المتوسطة الدخل (26 دولة من خارج دول منظمة المؤتمر الإسلامي) تحسن ترتيبها في مؤشر التنمية البشرية الممتدة (E-HDI) مقارنة بمؤشر التنمية البشرية العادية (HDI) باستثناء رومانيا فقط. كما أن أول 19 دولة في مؤشر التنمية البشرية الممتدة (E-HDI) في عينة الدراسة كلها متوسطة الدخل ومن خارج دول منظمة المؤتمر الإسلامي. وهذا يدل على أن المؤشرات ذات القاعدة العريضة التي أدرجناها لتقدير الجوانب التنموية من غير الدخل وتتوافق مع مقاصد الشريعة لها تأثير كبير على الترتيب.

Suggested Citation

  • Salman Ahmed Shaikh, 2017. "Developing an Index of Socio-Economic Development Consistent with Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah تطوير مؤشر للتنمية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية متوافق مع مقاصد الشريعة," Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics, King Abdulaziz University, Islamic Economics Institute., vol. 30(1), pages 117-130, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:abd:kauiea:v:30:y:2017:i:1:no:11:p:117-130
    DOI: 10.4197/Islec.30-1.11
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Robert M. Solow, 1956. "A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 70(1), pages 65-94.
    2. World Bank, 2015. "World Development Indicators 2015," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 21634, December.
    3. Humayon A. Dar, 2004. "On making human development more humane," International Journal of Social Economics, Emerald Group Publishing, vol. 31(11/12), pages 1071-1088, October.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Economic Development; HDI; Sustainable Development; maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah. التنمية الاقتصادية، التنمية البشرية، التنمية المستدامة، مقاصد الشريعة.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • L38 - Industrial Organization - - Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise - - - Public Policy
    • I31 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - General Welfare, Well-Being
    • O10 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - General

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