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The Economic Analysis of Ribā al-Faḍl and its Objectives: Between Modeling and Interdisciplinarity تحليل الجوانب الاقتصاديّة لربا الفضل ومقاصده: بين النّمذجة الرياضيّة وتداخل حقول المعرفة - تعليق

Author

Listed:
  • Abderrazak Belabes

    (Researcher, Islamic Economics Institute, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

This article discusses a paper written by Sami Al-Suwailem on the ‘Economics of Ribā al-Faḍl’. Proceeding from the idea that ribā is one of the general issues that encompasses many secondary ones, the article sheds light on the epistemological posture of the paper and the limits of using mathematical modeling, thus revealing the importance of openness to different fields of knowledge that will deepen the understanding of economic phenomena beyond the fields of economics and jurisprudence and what they offer in terms of analytical tools. Among the main results of the paper according to the mathematical model used are: The need to differentiate between the prohibition of usury and the abolition of interest; ribā al-faḍl includes exchanging what is vital in return for what is not really necessary and contributes to the unequal distribution of wealth and its concentration in the hands of a few. The most important proposals that emerge from the discussion include: i) the need to take into account the fact that the economic exchanges that are ‘embedded’ in social relations are ultimately what defines the origin of human life. This means that ribā al-faḍl precedes ribā al-nasī’ah (historically speaking). This prevents a developmental reading in which barter is said to have been simply a specific method by which primitive societies interacted before the emergence of currency. This supports the validity of such a reading: the return of people to barter in various regions of the world, especially through digital platforms; ii) the difference in weight between ribā al-faḍl and ribā al-nasī’ah according to this angle of analysis, reveals a complementary relationship between the two concepts; iii) the decline in the fundamental role of ribā al-nasī’ah based on positive interest after the appearance of the zero-interest-rate policy and the negative-interest-rate policy as a result of the global financial crisis. Hence the necessity to reassess the claim that “ribā al-nasī’ah is more clear than ribā al-faḍl ”. The issue between these two concepts is not a question of ambiguity and clarity. Rather, it is a matter of the scientific rooting of a social phenomenon where any aspect involved cannot be overlooked. تناقش هذه المقالة ورقة سامي السويلم عن اقتصاديات ربا الفضل. انطلاقاً من أنّ الرِّبا من الكليات التي تدخل فيها جزئيات كثيرة. تبُيّن المقالة الوضعيّة المعرفيّة للورقة، وضوابط وحدود استخدام النّمذجة الرياضيّة، ممّا يُظهِر أهميّة الانفتاح على حقول معرفية مختلفة من شأنها أن تُعمِّق فهم الظواهر الاقتصادية إلى أبعد من حقلي الاقتصاد والفقه وما يتيحانه من أدوات تحليلية. من أهم النتائج التي توصلت إليها الورقة بناءً على النّموذج الرياضي المستخدم: ضرورة التفريق بين تحريم الرِّبا وإلغاء الفائدة؛ وتضمّن ربا الفضل لمبادلة الضروري بالقدر الكمالي؛ ومساهمته في سوء توزيع الثروة وتركزها في أيدي قلّة من الناس. ومن أهم المقترحات التي انبثقت عن المناقشة: (أ) ضرورة الأخذ بعين الاعتبار أنّ الأصل في الحياة البشرية اندماج التبادلات الاقتصادية في العلاقات الاجتماعية، ممّا يعني أنّ ربا الفضل هو الأصل في حياة البشر من الناحية التاريخية، وأن ربا النّسئية هو الطارئ، لتفادي الوقوع في قراءة تطورية مؤداها أن المقايضة أسلوب للتعامل شهدته المجتمعات البدائية قبل ظهور النقود. وممّا يُعزّز صحّة هذه القراءة رجوع الناس إلى المقايضة في مناطق شتى من العالم، لاسيما من خلال المنصات الرقمية؛ (ب) اختلاف ثقل ربا الفضل وربا النّسيئة بحسب زاوية التحليل، ممّا يكشف عن علاقة تكامليّة وتلازميّة بين المصطلحين؛ (ج) اهتزاز النظريات القائمة على الفائدة الموجبة بعد ظهور سياستي معدّل الفائدة الصفري ومعدّلها السّالب في مرحلة ما بعد الأزمة المالية العالمية الأخيرة، في مقدمتها نظرية التفضيل الزمني. ومقتضى هذه التحولات إعادة النظر في مقولة "إنّ ربا النّسيئة هو أوضح أنواع الرِّبا". فالمسألة بين هذين المصطلحين ليست مسألة غموض ووضوح، بقدر ما هي مسألة تأصيل علمي لظاهرة اجتماعية متعددة الأبعاد.

Suggested Citation

  • Abderrazak Belabes, 2016. "The Economic Analysis of Ribā al-Faḍl and its Objectives: Between Modeling and Interdisciplinarity تحليل الجوانب الاقتصاديّة لربا الفضل ومقاصده: بين النّمذجة الرياضيّة وتداخل حقول المعرفة - تعليق," Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics, King Abdulaziz University, Islamic Economics Institute., vol. 29(3), pages 243-253, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:abd:kauiea:v:29:y:2016:i:3:no:10:p:243-253
    DOI: 10.4197/Islec.29-3.10
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Thomas Piketty, 2013. "Le capital au XXIe siècle," PSE-Ecole d'économie de Paris (Postprint) halshs-00979232, HAL.
    2. Thomas Piketty, 2013. "Le capital au 21e siècle," PSE-Ecole d'économie de Paris (Postprint) halshs-00944865, HAL.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Ribā al-Faḍl; Economic analysis; Maqāṣid of Ribā; Mathematical modeling; Interdisciplinarity. ربا الفضل، التحليل الاقتصادي، مقاصد الربا، النمذجة الرياضية، تداخل حقول المعرفة.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • B41 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - Economic Methodology - - - Economic Methodology
    • Z12 - Other Special Topics - - Cultural Economics - - - Religion
    • Z13 - Other Special Topics - - Cultural Economics - - - Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology; Language; Social and Economic Stratification

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