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Tracking Chinese aid through China customs: Darlings and orphans after the COVID-19 outbreak

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Listed:
  • Fuchs, Andreas
  • Kaplan, Lennart
  • Kis-Katos, Krisztina
  • Schmidt, Sebastian S.
  • Turbanisch, Felix
  • Wang, Feicheng

Abstract

Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, China's mask and vaccine diplomacy have been widely discussed, but the debate relies on a few stylized data points. This article introduces a systematic way to measure China's foreign aid in almost real-time through official customs records of exported aid goods. Our results show significant shifts in China's aid after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. First, medical aid skyrocketed after the outbreak. It was initially dominated by face masks and other protective equipment and later by vaccines. This came at the expense of non-medical aid, which was 16.3 percent below its pre-pandemic level. Second, China's aid became global, clearly extending beyond the Global South. Third, in the aftermath of the initial outbreak in March 2020, China's aid became less responsive to both recipient need and political friendship, which can be mainly attributed to the rise of aid through non-government sources. However, in the vaccine diplomacy period of 2021, economic needs and political factors have regained their original importance.

Suggested Citation

  • Fuchs, Andreas & Kaplan, Lennart & Kis-Katos, Krisztina & Schmidt, Sebastian S. & Turbanisch, Felix & Wang, Feicheng, 2022. "Tracking Chinese aid through China customs: Darlings and orphans after the COVID-19 outbreak," Kiel Working Papers 2232, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:ifwkwp:2232
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Helble, Matthias, 2012. "More trade for better health? International trade and tariffs on health products," WTO Staff Working Papers ERSD-2012-17, World Trade Organization (WTO), Economic Research and Statistics Division.
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    Cited by:

    1. Fuchs, Andreas & Kaplan, Lennart & Kis-Katos, Krisztina & Schmidt, Sebastian S. & Turbanisch, Felix & Wang, Feicheng, 2022. "China's aid exports to Africa and the COVID-19 pandemic: How much? Where? What?," PEGNet Policy Briefs 27/2022, PEGNet - Poverty Reduction, Equity and Growth Network, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    official development assistance; aid exports; China; COVID-19; mask diplomacy; vaccine diplomacy; Health Silk Road;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F35 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Foreign Aid
    • F59 - International Economics - - International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy - - - Other
    • H12 - Public Economics - - Structure and Scope of Government - - - Crisis Management
    • H84 - Public Economics - - Miscellaneous Issues - - - Disaster Aid
    • I15 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health and Economic Development
    • I18 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health
    • P33 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions - - - International Trade, Finance, Investment, Relations, and Aid

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