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Proximity-Concentration Trade-Off

Author

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  • C. Bellac
  • R. Riegler

Abstract

Betrachtet man die großen Industrieunternehmen in Osterreich, weisen diese einen sehr unterschiedlichen Internationalisierungsgrad auf. Diese Heterogenität der großen Industrieunternehmen wirft die industriepolitisch relevante Frage auf, warum manche Unternehmen mittels Direktinvestitionen internationalisieren, während sich andere auf das Exportieren beschränken. Fragt man nach der Erklärungen für unterschiedliche Internationalisierungsgrade, hat neben vielen anderen Gründen der "Proximity - Concentration Trade-off" in der Literatur Bedeutung erlangt. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, diesen "Proximity - Concentration Trade-off" für drei ausgewählte österreichische Industrieunternehmen, welche die drei oben genannten Gruppen von Unternehmen repräsentieren, genauer zu dokumentieren: Agrolinz als ein Unternehmen, welches ausschließlich exportiert, Wienerberger als ein Unternehmen, welches ausschließlich über Tochtergesellschaften internationalisiert und die Voest als ein Unternehmen, welches beide Aktivitäten setzt. Die Auswahl der Unternehmen erfolgt anhand der Produkteigenschaften, welche durch hohe Transportkosten und hohe Skalenerträge in der Produktion gekennzeichnet sind. Es wird ermittelt, welche Rolle die Faktoren "proximity" und "concentration" als Determinanten der Entscheidung zur Direktinvestition spielen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Skalenerträge und die Transportkosten sowie die Struktur bzw. die Größe bzw. die Kenntnis des Gastlandmarktes bestimmend für die Wahl der Alternativen "Direktinvestitionen und Exporte" als Form der Auslandsmarktbearbeitung sind. Keines der untersuchten Unternehmen wird seine Internationalisierungsstrategie in absehbarer Zukunft verändern.

Suggested Citation

  • C. Bellac & R. Riegler, 2008. "Proximity-Concentration Trade-Off," FIW Research Reports series I-022, FIW.
    • Handle: RePEc:wsr:ecbook:2008:i:i-022
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    References listed on IDEAS

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