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The Underground Economy And The Currency Enigma

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Author Info
Edgar L. Feige (University of Wisconsin-Madison)

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Abstract

The size, growth and causes of the US “underground economy” are examined in light of new estimates of foreign holdings of US currency. World dollarization partially resolves the “currency enigma” which refers to the anomaly that roughly 80% of the US currency supply is “missing” and an estimated ten trillion dollars of cash payments can not be accounted for. US currency that is used overseas suggests that there is a world wide unrecorded economy that could rival the size of the US economy. Large and variable overseas holdings of US currency imply that monetary aggregates must be redefined to include only domestically held currency. The paper defines and estimates the size of the ‘domestic money supply”. Reference: Proceedings of the 49th Congress of the International Institute of Public Finance, Berlin 1993, Supplement to Public Finance Vol. 49 (1994) pp.119-136.

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Paper provided by EconWPA in its series Macroeconomics with number 0502004.

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Length: 18 pages
Date of creation: 01 Feb 2005
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Handle: RePEc:wpa:wuwpma:0502004

Note: Type of Document - pdf; pages: 18
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Web page: http://129.3.20.41

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Related research
Keywords: underground economy; dollarization; currency; money supply; monetary base; unreported income; unrecorded income.;

Find related papers by JEL classification:
E41 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Demand for Money
E51 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers
E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
H26 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Tax Evasion

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  1. Schneider, Friedrich & Klinglmair, Robert, 2004. "Shadow Economies around the World: What Do We Know?," IZA Discussion Papers 1043, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). [Downloadable!]
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  2. Boeri, Tito & Garibaldi, Pietro, 2006. "Shadow Sorting," CEPR Discussion Papers 5487, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  3. Bruno Chiarini & Elisabetta Marzano, 2006. "Market Consumption and Hidden Consumption: A Test for Substitutability," Discussion Papers 12_2006, D.E.S. (Department of Economic Studies), University of Naples "Parthenope", Italy. [Downloadable!]
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  4. Mutascu Mihai, 2008. "Shadow Economy, Economic Growth And Labor Market. Romanian Case," Annales Universitatis Apulensis Series Oeconomica, Faculty of Sciences, "1 Decembrie 1918" University, Alba Iulia, vol. 1(10), pages 36. [Downloadable!]
  5. Friedrich Schneider & Christopher Bajada, 2003. "The Size and Development of the Shadow Economies in the Asia-Pacific," Economics working papers 2003-01, Department of Economics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria. [Downloadable!]
  6. Friedrich Schneider, 2004. "Shadow Economies around the World: What do we really know?," IAW Discussion Papers 16, Institut für Angewandte Wirtschaftsforschung (IAW). [Downloadable!]
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  7. Friedrich Schneider, 2006. "Shadow Economies and Corruption all over the World: What do we really Know?," CESifo Working Paper Series CESifo Working Paper No. , CESifo Group Munich. [Downloadable!]
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  8. Boeri, Tito & Garibaldi, Pietro, 2002. "Shadow Activity and Unemployment in a Depressed Labour Market," CEPR Discussion Papers 3433, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  9. Edgar L. Feige, 2003. "The Dynamics of Currency Substitution, Asset Substitution and De facto Dollarization and Euroization in Transition Countries," Macroeconomics 0302005, EconWPA. [Downloadable!]
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  10. Schneider, Friedrich, 2004. "The Size of the Shadow Economies of 145 Countries all over the World: First Results over the Period 1999 to 2003," IZA Discussion Papers 1431, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). [Downloadable!]
  11. Schneider, Friedrich, 2008. "The Shadow Economy in Germany - A Blessing or a Curse for the Official Economy?," Economic Analysis and Policy (EAP), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Economics and Finance, vol. 38(1), pages 89-111, March. [Downloadable!]
  12. repec:att:wimass:192033 is not listed on IDEAS
  13. Brian M. Doyle, 2000. ""Here, dollars, dollars ..."estimating currency demand and worldwide currency substitution," International Finance Discussion Papers 657, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.). [Downloadable!]
  14. Richard Cebula, 2003. "Budget deficits and real interest rates: Updated empirical evidence on causality," Atlantic Economic Journal, International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 31(3), pages 255-265, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  15. Mutascu, Mihai, 2008. "Shadow economy, economic growth and labor market - Romanian case," MPRA Paper 11392, University Library of Munich, Germany. [Downloadable!]
  16. Andreas Bühn & Alexander Karmann & Friedrich Schneider, 2007. "Size and Development of the Shadow Economy and of Do-it-yourself Activities in Germany," CESifo Working Paper Series CESifo Working Paper No. , CESifo Group Munich. [Downloadable!]
  17. Schneider, Friedrich, 2002. "The Size and Development of the Shadow Economies of 22 Transition and 21 OECD Countries," IZA Discussion Papers 514, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). [Downloadable!]
  18. Ernste, Dominik & Schneider, Friedrich, 1998. "Increasing Shadow Economies all over the World - Fiction or Reality?," IZA Discussion Papers 26, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). [Downloadable!]
  19. Friedrich Schneider, 2000. "Illegal activities, but still values added ones (?): size, causes, and measurement of the shadow economies all over the world," Economics working papers 2000-10, Department of Economics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
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