Integrated area development projects and promising alternatives have in common that they surpass the values and possibilities of the individual parties (Burger e.a. 2003; Klijn, 1996). In the end solitary action will lead to resistance of other parties involved (and those interested). The ambition to make use of the promising alternatives requires collective action and co-production. In this paper ‘co-production arrangements’ in three cases will be explored and compared. The cases that are included in this paper are Vathorst, the development of a new housing area, Spaanse Polder, the restructuring of an industrial area and Gelderse Vallei, the reconstruction of a rural area
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Paper provided by European Regional Science Association in its series ERSA conference papers with number
ersa05p835.