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Early childhood : protecting and promoting human development in times of economic shocks

Author

Listed:
  • Wuermli, Alice
  • Hempel, Kevin
  • Lundberg, Mattias
  • Arbelaez, Juliana

Abstract

Development from conception to five years of age can determine later life outcomes ranging from educational achievement, labor market success, to risky and delinquent behaviors. Crises can cause nutritional deprivation which can negatively affect physiological and neurological development during gestation and infancy. This can have potentially serious physical and mental consequences. Crises can also cause stress and mental health issues of primary caregivers hampering the process of establishing secure attachment relationships and reducing stimulating interactions. These factors are known to be key to the healthy development of socio-emotional, behavioral and cognitive competencies. Successful safety net programs will address not only the resource constraints at the household level, but find ways to address the psychosocial aspects of economic hardship, strengthen the child-caregiver relationship, and make sure that the program reaches the most vulnerable: women of child bearing age, especially pregnant women, and very young children and their caregivers.

Suggested Citation

  • Wuermli, Alice & Hempel, Kevin & Lundberg, Mattias & Arbelaez, Juliana, 2012. "Early childhood : protecting and promoting human development in times of economic shocks," Social Protection Discussion Papers and Notes 69992, The World Bank.
    • Handle: RePEc:wbk:hdnspu:69992
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