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Invention, Innovation and Diffusion of Local Loop Unbundling in the UK

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  • Richard Cadman

    (Centre for Competition Policy, University of East Anglia)

Abstract

A "reference offer" for Local Loop Unbundling was first published in the UK in December 2000, but by the end of 2005 just 2% of competitive copper access lines used LLU, compared with 56% in France. In 2005 Ofcom, introduced policy changes to commercialise LLU, which has increased to around 70% of competitive copper access lines. This paper measures the impact of Ofcom’s policy changes and concludes that these policy changes induced both the innovation and diffusion of LLU. The paper concludes that it is insufficient for regulators simply to mandate access: they must also ensure commercially attractive, non-discriminatory terms.

Suggested Citation

  • Richard Cadman, 2012. "Invention, Innovation and Diffusion of Local Loop Unbundling in the UK," Working Paper series, University of East Anglia, Centre for Competition Policy (CCP) 2012-08, Centre for Competition Policy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK..
    • Handle: RePEc:uea:ueaccp:2012_08
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Preston R. Fee & Hugo M. Mialon & Michael A. Williams, 2004. "What Is a Barrier to Entry?," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 94(2), pages 461-465, May.
    2. Yan Li & Bruce Lyons, 2011. "Three Private Firms and an Independent Regulator are Sufficient for Rapid Mobile Network Penetration," Working Paper series, University of East Anglia, Centre for Competition Policy (CCP) 2011-01, Centre for Competition Policy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK..
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    Cited by:

    1. Timothy DeStefano & Richard Kneller & Jonathan Timmis, 2023. "The (fuzzy) digital divide: the effect of universal broadband on firm performance," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, vol. 23(1), pages 139-177.

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