방글라데시 기후변화 영향 분석 및 시사점(Climate Change and its Impact on Bangladesh)

본 연구는 기후변화가 방글라데시에 미친 영향, 방글라데시의 기후변화 대응 정책 및 전략 분석, 국제사회 내 방글라데시 지원 현황과 특징 등에 대해 분석하였다. 해당 분석을 바탕으로 방글라데시는 해수면 상승, 자연 재해 빈도 증가 등 1차적 영향과 기후변화로 인한 농업 생산성 저하 및 이로 인한 이주 등 2차적 영향을 받는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 방글라데시 정부가 기후변화 대응을 위해 수해 대응역량 강화 및 수자원 개발 등을 우선하여 정책을 수립하고 있으며, 국제사회 역시 이러한 방글라데시 정책을 기후변화 ODA로 적극 지원하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 향후 방글라데시 정부의 수요와 한국 ODA 경험 및 기술적 우위가 있는 수자원 분야의 협력 강화 및 기후변화 취약 계층에 대한 지원 등 다각적인 협력의 가능성을 제시하였다. Climate change poses one of the greatest threats to humanity and nature, with Bangladesh recognized as one of the most vulnerable countries due to its geographic location. The lives of Bangladeshi residents are directly or indirectly affected by frequent heat waves, droughts, and floods caused by climate change. Various statistics and studies show that Bangladesh’s vulnerability to climate change is not only affected by long-term changes such as a rise in global temperature and precipitation patterns but also by mid- to short-term changes such as sea-level rise and an increase in natural disasters. Bangladesh is considered one of the most vulnerable countries to flooding and rising sea levels, as it has the world’s largest delta area and more than 70% of its total land area is less than one meter above sea level. Extreme climate change and flooding are causing a decline in agricultural production in Bangladesh’s major agricultural areas, making it increasingly difficult to secure sufficient supplies of drinking water. Additionally, urban slumming due to excessive migration to inland cities by coastal residents who have lost their livelihoods is emerging as a new social problem. The Bangladesh government has presented various policy directions to address this situation. It has included climate change response strategies in its long-term economic development policies, such as Delta 2100 and PP2041. Development policies such as 8FYP and ADP focus on flood response capabilities and water resource management. Bangladesh has also established various national plans and initiatives related to climate change mitigation and adaptation to actively respond to the impacts of climate change that threaten the population. Furthermore, Bangladesh, as the chair of the Climate Vulnerable Countries Forum, is a leading voice in the international community for climate-vulnerable countries. In 2010, Bangladesh became the first least-developed country to establish a trust fund for the Climate Vulnerable Countries Forum, encouraging the international community to provide financial support for climate-vulnerable countries.(the rest omitted)