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미국의 스위스 환율조작국 지정 원인 분석 및 평가 (On the U.S. 2020 Designation of Switzerland a Currency Manipulator)

Author

Listed:
  • Joe, Dong-Hee

    (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP))

  • Oh, Taehyun

    (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP))

  • Lee, Hyun Jean

    (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP))

Abstract

Korean Abstract: 미국 재무부는 2020년 12월 환율보고서에서 스위스를 환율조작국으로 지정한 바 있다. 본 연구는 현황조사와 문헌조사를 통하여 스위스에 대한 환율조작국 지정의 원인을 분석하고 정당성을 평가하였다. 스위스의 상품 수출은 기술집약도가 높은 고부가가치 상품에 집중되어 있어서, 스위스 프랑화 환율이 스위스의 총수출, 특히 주요 수출품인 기술집약도가 높은 고부가가치 상품에 미치는 영향은 미미한 것으로 보인다. 국제금융시장에서 안전자산으로 고려되는 스위스 프랑화는 세계적인 경제위기 시마다 급격한 평가절상을 겪어왔다. 이러한 외생적인 평가절상은 스위스의 국내 물가를 낮추고 경제주체들의 선택을 교란시켜온 것으로 보인다. 이러한 특징을 감안할 때, 최근 스위스 중앙은행의 외환시장 개입은 자국의 수출경쟁력을 높이기 위한 것이기보다는, 물가상승률과 정책금리가 이미 상당 기간 음(陰)인 상황에서 국내 물가의 하방압력을 완화하기 위한 것이었다고 평가할 수 있다. 바이든 행정부의 첫 환율보고서 또한 이러한 평가를 바탕으로 스위스에 대한 환율조작국 지정을 해제하였다. 이러한 점을 감안할 때 바이든 행정부의 향후 환율보고서가 스위스를 환율조작국으로 재지정할 가능성은 낮아 보인다. English Abstract: In December 2020, the U.S. Treasury designated Switzerland, together with Vietnam, currency manipulators in its biannual report Macroeconomic Foreign Exchange Policies of Major Trading Partners of the United States to the congress. The report conducts an enhanced analysis on each country exceeding certain thresholds in three criteria: trade surplus with the U.S., current account surplus and foreign exchange market intervention. Based on this analysis, the Treasury can designate the country a currency manipulator. Switzerland met the three criterion during the period of the analysis of the December 2020 report, from the third quarter of 2019 to the second quarter of 2020, and the Treasury’s decision was the result of an enhanced analysis. During the period of the analysis, Switzerland had negative interest rates and deflation; and the Swiss Franc (CHF), considered to be a safe asset in the international financial market, severely appreciated following the outbreak of COVID-19. The report acknowledged the need for foreign exchange market intervention in such a situation to counter the pressure on CHF. However, it claimed that the magnitude of the intervention was excessive; that is, at least some of it was to improve the competitiveness of Swiss products. This study aims at evaluating the U.S. Treasury’s decision to designate Switzerland a currency manipulator, by surveying related empirical evidences. To evaluate the claim that Swiss intervention in the foreign exchange market was to improve the country’s price competitiveness, we survey the empirical evidences on the sensitivity of Swiss exports to the exchange rate of CHF. To evaluate the legitimacy of Swiss intervention in the foreign exchange market, we survey the empirical evidences on the impact of sudden exogenous appreciation of CHF on the country’s domestic economy. (the rest omitted)

Suggested Citation

  • Joe, Dong-Hee & Oh, Taehyun & Lee, Hyun Jean, 2021. "미국의 스위스 환율조작국 지정 원인 분석 및 평가 (On the U.S. 2020 Designation of Switzerland a Currency Manipulator)," Policy Reference 21-5, Korea Institute for International Economic Policy.
  • Handle: RePEc:ris:kiepre:2021_005
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    Keywords

    U.S.; Switzerland; currency manipulator; Biden administration;
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