국제행사타당성조사 일반지침 수립을 위한 방법론 연구 (Methods for Evaluating International Expositions in Korea)

Korean Abstract: 최근 우리나라에서는 지방자치단체를 중심으로 국제행사의 개최 요구가 크게 높아졌다. 지방자치 시대를 맞아 지방의 국제화 제고 및 국토균형발전 등의 취지로 볼 때 지자체의 국제행사 개최를 무조건 부정적으로 볼 일은 아니다. 더욱이 고부가가치 서비스산업의 육성이라는 차원에서 본다면 성공적인 국제행사의 정착은 지방의 발전과 서비스산업 선진화라는 목표를 동시에 달성하는 데 가장 적합한 방법 중의 하나라고 할 수 있다. 그런데 이러한 목표를 달성하려면 무분별한 국제행사의 남발로 인한 예산 낭비를 막으면서 소기의 효과를 거둘 수 있는 알찬 국제행사를 개최하는 것이 무엇보다도 중요하다고 할 것이다. 이에 따라 우리 정부는 국제행사의 무분별한 개최로 인한 자원낭비를 최소화하기 위해 ｢국제행사의 유치․개최 등에 관한 규정｣을 마련하였다. 이 규정에 따르면, 10억 원 이상의 국고지원을 요청하는 국제행사로서 총사업비가 50억 원 이상인 경우에는 타당성조사를 거치도록 의무화하고 있다. 국제행사는 5개국 이상의 국가에서 외국인이 참여하고 외국인 참여비율이 5% 이상인 국제회의, 체육행사, 박람회, 전시회, 문화행사, 관광행사 등을 의미한다. 타당성조사는 조사 대상 국제행사가 정말 필요한 행사인지, 그리고 개최계획 등은 적정하게 마련되어 있는지 등의 기준에 따라 개최 여부를 판단하며, 그 결과는 정부의 해당 국제행사에 대한 지원여부를 결정하는 데 영향을 미친다. 따라서 합리적이고 일관된 타당성조사 방법론을 구축하는 것은 매우 중요한 과제이다. 본 연구는 국제행사 타당성조사와 관련한 여러 가지 문제들을 해결할 수 있는 합리적이고 객관적인 방법론을 제시하고 있다. 이러한 방법론은 향후 국제행사 타당성조사의 일반지침을 수립하는 데 기여할 것으로 기대된다. English Abstract: Recently, interest in hosting international events has increased, particularly amongst local governments in Korea. Acknowledging that the era of local autonomy has arrived, and taking into consideration such factors as globalization of localities and government policies for balanced land/regional development, hosting of international events by local governments cannot be dismissed as being all negative. On the contrary, successful international events can contribute to rural development and modernization of the services sector. Yet it is important also to prevent waste of government resources by limiting extravagant international events. Hence, the Korean central government has enacted "the rule on invitation and opening of international events" in order to minimize the drain on the national treasury from indiscriminate hosting of international events. An “international event” is defined as an international conference, sports event, exhibition/show, cultural event, tourist event, etc. involving at least 5% of foreign participants from 5 or more countries. According to this rule, all international events with a total operating expense over KRW 5 billion, of which more than KRW 1 billion in financial support is required from the central government, is subject to a mandatory feasibility study. A feasibility study is designed to verify the necessity of the applied international events and reasonableness of the total plan based on facts. As this feasibility study impacts the decision of the central government whether to give or deny support to the international event a local government applied for, it is vital to establish a valid and consistent methodology. This research suggests rational and impartial methodologies to conduct the feasibility study on international events; methodologies that will contribute to the establishment of a general guideline for feasibility study for such events. Chapter 2 discusses the base analysis in order to determine the feasibility of international events. This chapter states why and how to present the outline of an event, analysis on the base data of the event area, significance of hosting the event, domestic and foreign case analysis, and SWOT analysis. Chapter 3 covers the economic analysis of the international event. Particularly, cost-benefit analysis is introduced along with other various methods to estimate the benefits of a given international event. In addition, the contingent valuation method (CVM) is introduced with concrete examples. Chapter 4 deals the political analysis of the international event. If the international event is determined from an economic perspective only, it runs the risk of completely neglecting political necessity. Therefore, this chapter highlights the importance of considering the distinctiveness of each event. Chapter 5 looks at how the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) can be applied to the feasibility study of international events. This method will integrate experts’ opinions into the feasibility study in a most reasonable and quantitative way. Quantitative results will enable comparing events with greater certainty and to enhance efficiency in decision-making. Feasibility study on international events is different from other general feasibility studies on public investment undertakings. Since many international events are intended as one-time events, quantifying its concrete long-term benefits is complicated. Thus it is important to supplement the economic evaluation with an appropriate political assessment. Amongst various methodologies, this research suggests the most relevant method for setting a general guideline in assessing the feasibility of different international events. Henceforth our main task is to develop a feasibility study methodology of international events for impartial assessment, by making improvements through a priori approach and by linking the process with post-evaluation systems.