국경간 전자상거래가 글로벌 가치사슬에 미치는 영향(The Role of Cross-Border e-Commerce in Shaping Global Value Chains)

미치는 영향을 파악하기 위한 종합적인 연구 결과를 담고 있다. 기업과 국가 수준의 실증 분석을 통해 전자상거래의 참여 또는 활성화가 기업의 가치사슬 참여와 국가별 가치사슬 참여도 지수에 미치는 영향을 알아보고, 이러한 결과를 뒷받침할 수 있도록 전자상거래와 중간재 교역에 관한 새로운 이론 모형을 제시한다. 또한 분석 결과를 바탕으로 전자상거래와 글로벌 가치사슬에 대한 정책적 시사점을 도출한다. The continuous development of the digital economy has led to a rising volume of e-commerce. From 2014 to 2020, global B2C e-commerce sales witnessed a yearly increase of 21%, while B2B e-commerce transactions grew by 16% annually from 2014 to 2019. As e-commerce gains ground rapidly, its impact extends to international trade as well. China, being the world’s largest trade partner, experienced an annual increase of 18% in cross-border B2B e-commerce since 2016. With the long-term global trend of digital transformation, e-commerce is expected to continue growing, and cross-border e-commerce will play a significant role in global trade. This study analyzes the economic impacts of expanding cross-border e-commerce on global trade, with a particular emphasis on intermediate goods trade and global value chains. Chapter 2 explores recent trends in e-commerce and global value chains (GVCs). According to the 2021 data from UNCTAD, total global e-commerce sales reached approximately $26.7 trillion in 2019, with 81.7% attributed to B2B transactions and the remainder to B2C transactions. The United States, Japan, China, and South Korea emerged as the leading countries, contributing the largest share of total e-commerce sales. Among these countries, B2B e-commerce sales accounted for over 85% of total e-commerce sales in the United States, Japan, and South Korea, whereas in China, it constituted only 41%. Notably, various metrics related to B2C e-commerce, such as retail e-commerce sales, the number of global digital shoppers, e-commerce’s share of total retail sales, and user penetration, experienced significant growth during the COVID-19 pandemic. In contrast, the size of the B2B e-commerce market, as measured by total merchandise value, has experienced double-digit growth since 2016, but in 2020, the pandemic slowed the year-over-year growth rate. (the rest omitted)