글로벌 환경상품·서비스 시장개방의 경제적 효과와 정책 시사점(Liberalization of the Global Market for Environmental Goods and Services: International Discussions, Trends, and Economic Effects)

본 연구에서는 환경상품·서비스 시장 개방에 대한 국제사회의 논의 동향을 살펴보았으며, 주요국을 중심으로 환경상품과 서비스 시장의 규모와 개방 현황을 검토하였다. 이를 바탕으로 향후 환경상품·서비스 시장 개방이 우리 경제에 미칠 영향을 살펴봄으로써 우리나라의 대내외 정책 방향을 제시하였다. The international community is striving to establish norms concerning the environmental market. It endeavors to secure a free and fair trade order, and contribute to achieving carbon neutrality and sustainability. In this study, we first examine related discussions, then review the current status and market openness of environmental goods and services. Analyzing the effect of market liberalization on the Korean economy, we conclude with policy implications which could contribute to the Korean government’s policy making in the subject. Chapter 2 examines each country and international organizations’ definition on the environmental industry, goods and services, then it introduces the formation of related trade norms. Environmental goods are generally defined as products contributing to environmental protection and sustainability, and based on the degree of eco-friendliness throughout the product’s life-cycle. However, what constitutes environmental goods is a controversial issue among countries which depends on political and economic interests. As for environmental services, the UN, the OECD, and the EU define them as both including environmental protection and resource management, whereas the WTO focuses on pollution management. Multilateral organizations such as the WTO, the OECD, the APEC and the UNCTAD have made great efforts to establish the scope of environmental good and services and related trade norms, but these ultimately came to a standstill. Current discussions at the Trade and Environmental Sustainability Structured Discussions (TESSD) involving the liberalization of environmental goods and services, as well as bilateral and regional talks such as the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework (IPEF), are focusing on efforts to form related norms, toward which promising results are being seen.(the rest omitted)