포스트 코로나 시대 해외 주요국의 경제체제 중요 요소 변화: 기후위기, 디지털플랫폼, 인적자원 및 국가채무를 중심으로(Major changes in economic system in the post-corona era: Focusing on climate crisis, digital platform, human resources and fiscal sustainability)

이 연구는 경제 여건이 이미 변화되고 있는 상황에서 코로나19 위기를 통해서 가속화되는 ‘경제 여건의 근본적 변화’에 대응하기 위해 필요한 근본적 제도 변화의 방향을 모색한다. 기후위기, 플랫폼 경제 확대, 노동시장에서 요구되는 기술 및 숙련의 급속한 변화, 그리고 재정 지속성 확보라는 중요한 과제를 놓고 이론적 검토, 국내외 제도의 비교분석, 실증분석 등을 통해서 우리 경제체제가 바뀌어 나가야 할 방향을 제시하고자 하였다. This study reviewed what kind of institutional improvements are needed in the following four areas amid the changes in economic conditions that are accelerating due to the COVID-19 crisis. First, theoretical analysis was carreid out to reflect the principle of equal rights and historical responsibility in the allocation of obligations between countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, which is likely to become a fundamental constraint on future economic activities. Specifically, four apporached were reviewed and compared with the Kyoto Protocol: equal distribution per capita (EPC), historical equal distribution per capita (HEPC), proportional distribution (EPE), and proportional distribution (HEPE) per capita. As a result, a large gap between Kyoto Protocol and the HEPC principle, which is satisfies the principle of minimum equality (‘if historical and BAU responsibilities are the same, everyone should be guaranteed equal rights to common resources regardless of their country of origin’) and historical responsibility (‘standard that all countries are free from historical responsibility’). Existing international agreements such as the Kyoto Protocol were found to be most similar to the EPE, which respects vested interests and does not consider historical responsibility. Korea, which achieved rapid growth in a short period of time, has a very low historical responsibility compared to other advanced countries. Therefore, it is between the position of a developing country that demands historical responsibility and the position of a developed country that demands vested interests, and there is an advantage of being able to adopt a flexible strategy between the two sides in the climate agreement. Second, we reviewed how to establish competition rules in the field of online platforms, whose importance in economic activities has dramatically increased during the COVID-19 crisis. It was concluded that ex post regulation on a case-by-case is desirable considering and that ex-ante and non-discriminatory regulation can hinder competition and innovation activities. Online platforms have the characteristics of a multi-faceted market that can lead to a winner-takes-it-all market, but in reality there are factors that can offset such a tendency. (the rest omitted)