미중 반도체 패권 경쟁과 글로벌 공급망 재편 (The US-China Battle for Semiconductor Supremacy and Reshaping of Global Supply Chain)

최근 반도체 패권을 강화하고자 하는 미국의 대중정책은 반도체 산업의 글로벌 공급망 재편을 유발시키고 있으며, 이는 우리 경제에도 큰 영향을 미칠 것으로 예상된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 미중 양국의 반도체 산업 육성정책을 살펴보고, 우리 반도체 산업의 공급망 구조와 리스크를 자세히 분석하여 대응방안을 모색한다. Realization of digital transformation(DX) and the Fourth Industrial Revolution(4IR) has led the development of new technologies in areas such as AI, big data, metaverse, autonomous vehicles, digital currency, and blockchain. While these sectors are expected to continue to grow, major countries including the United States and China are fiercely competing to secure a global supply chain for the semiconductor industry. The global division of production in the semiconductor industry has been built on freetrade and has driven corporate innovation and technology development. However, the trend of techno-nationalism and efforts by each nation to construct value chains within own their territories are expected to have an adverse effect on the global semiconductor industry. The ever-deepening hegemony competition between the U.S. and China in the semiconductor sector could have a profound impact not only on the Korean economy but also on restructuring of the global semiconductor supply chain. This study analyzes the supply chain structure and risks of the Korean semiconductor industry, along with U.S. andChinese polices to foster the semiconductor industry, going on to explore corresponding countermeasures. The first chapter details the research methodology used in the study and how it differs from previous studies, followed by theacademic and policy contributions of our study. An analysis of the current state of the global semiconductor industry and risks in the semiconductor supply chain of the United States follows in the second chapter. Division of labor by value chains has progressed significantly in the global semiconductorindustry. Countries are specialized in various manufacturing stages (chipless → fabless → foundry → ATP → delivery) and the GVC hasbeen established according to each country’s strength. The United States and Europe specialize in product technology while Korea and Taiwan are strong in process technology and China, Taiwan, Vietnam and Malaysia have comparative advantages in ATP. The global value chain has been arranged based on these advantages and driven production efficiency for decades.(the rest omitted)