미ㆍ중 갈등시대 중국의 통상전략 변화와 시사점(China’s New Trade Strategy Amid U.S-China Confrontation)

본 보고서에서는 미‧중 간 전략 경쟁이 심화되는 시기에 미국 바이든 행정부 대중국 전략의 특징을 살펴보고 이에 대응하기 위한 중국의 통상전략 변화를 분석하였다. 중국의 통상전략 변화를 △경제안보 전략 연계 △지역 네트워크 구축 △글로벌 통상 거버넌스 주도 등 세 가지 측면에서 살펴보았다. 이상의 분석 내용을 근거로 중국의 통상전략을 평가·전망하고 우리나라에 주는 시사점을 도출하였다. This report analyzes changes in China’s trade strategy in response to US measures to check China’s influence at a time when strategic competition between the US and China intensifies, going on to draw implications for Korea. While there are a number of studies that have analyzed the recent US-China conflict from the perspective of the US movements against China, there are insufficient studies on how China responds to these movements on the part of the US and what kind of trade strategy it pursues. Therefore, this study examines changes in China’s trade strategy in response to the US measures against China in order to provide abalanced perspective on changes in Korea’s trade environment amid the US-China conflict. Chapter 2 analyzed the shift in the US’s perception of China and the Biden administration’s strategy for China. With the rise of the Chinese economy, the US’s perception of China has shifted from a “cooperation partner” to a “strategic competitor,” defined as athreat to US national and economic security. US measures to keep China in check have been in full swing since the former Trump administration, and the US Biden administration is further expanding its pressure front on China. Accordingly, we looked at the US measures against China from the perspective of high-techsectors, supply chain stability, and new trade norms (digital trade, labor, environment). The Biden administration’s strategic stance toward China emphasizes the right to China’s unfair practices and a comprehensive and systematic approach to safeguard national andeconomic security. By utilizing various means such as entity list, export control, stronger foreign investment screening, and financial sanctions, it is countering China’s growth in advanced technology, which could threaten the national security of the United States. In addition, in the course of strategic competition with China, it is promoting the establishment of a stable supply chain in the United States by reviewing the supply chain for key industries related to national security such as semiconductors,batteries, core minerals, and pharmaceuticals in the United States. Unlike the former Trump administration, the Biden administration is emphasizing joint response and pressure with its allies. (the rest omitted)