글로벌 탄소중립 시대의 그린뉴딜 정책과 시사점(Green New Deal for Carbon-neutrality and Trade Policy in Korea)

그린뉴딜은 탄소중립 달성을 위한 환경정책이자 경제성장을 위한 재정정책이다. 이에 대하여 통상정책적 시각과 접근이 필요한 이유는 그린뉴딜이 추구하는 탄소중립과 경제성장이 다자체제와 국제무역시스템에 밀접하게 연결되어 있기 때문이다. 기후변화는 국경을 넘는 글로벌한 이슈이다. 어느 한 지역이나 국가의 노력으로 달성할 수 있는 온실가스 저감 수준에는 한계가 있을 수밖에 없다. 또한 탄소중립 달성을 위해서는 국제경제와 생산 네트워크에 대한 이해가 필수적이다. 생산공급망이 전 세계로 확대되고 가치사슬이 복잡하게 연결된 세계 경제구조 속에서 무역을 고려하지 않고서 성공적인 탄소중립을 이뤄내기는 쉽지 않기 때문이다. 따라서 탄소중립을 목표로 하는 그린뉴딜은 이러한 맥락에서 통상정책 차원에서도 고려될 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 탄소중립을 위한 그린뉴딜 정책과 관련하여 통상정책 차원의 시사점을 제공하고자 하였다. This research defines the Green New Deal, as a fiscal policy having both environmental and economic growth as its main objectives. A trade policy perspective and approach has been applied while reviewing the carbon-neutral policy as both carbon-neutrality and economic growth pursued by the Green New Deal are closely linked to the multilateral system and the international trade system. Climate change is a global issue that transcends national borders. There are inevitably limits to the level of greenhouse gas reduction that can be achieved through the efforts of any one region or country. Carbon-neutrality also requires an understanding of the international economy and production networks. Production supply chains are expanding all over the world and value chains are intricately connected. The Green New Deal needs to be considered in terms of trade policy. Therefore, this study tries to provide implications in terms of trade policy in relation to the Green New Deal policy for carbon-neutrality. Chapter 2 introduces carbon-neutral policies that major countries are adopting and compares them with past Green New Deal policies. The latter were introduced in the context of economic stimulus and eco-friendliness during the 2008 global financial crisis. In addition, we compare Korea’s current Green New Deal with its 2008-version called the low-carbon green growth policy to examine the similarities and differences. Although major countries used different names such as ‘Green Deal’ or ‘Green New Deal’ to implement policies for greenhouse gas reduction and economic growth, they were not sufficient in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Past and current policies generally put more emphasis on short-term employment growth andeconomic stimulus. Korea’s Green New Deal also had limitations while considering carbon-neutrality as a policy goal until the government announced the Green New Deal 2.0 in July 2021.(the rest omitted)