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서비스 분야 규제완화가 외국인직접투자에 미치는 영향: STRI를 중심으로 (Reduction of Regulatory Restrictiveness in Services Sectors and Its Impact on FDI Inflows: Focused on STRI)

Author

Listed:
  • Kim, Jong Duk

    (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy)

  • Cho, Moon hee

    (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy)

  • Eom, Jun Hyun

    (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy)

  • Chung, Min-Chirl

    (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy)

Abstract

본 보고서는 한국이 체결한 자유무역협정(FTA)을 반영하여 평가한 한국의 서비스 분야 규제완화가 한국의 서비스업과 제조업의 외국인직접투자(FDI) 유입에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 다음과 같은 사실을 발견하였다. 첫째, 전반적으로 한국의 FDI 유입은 세계적 FDI의 흐름에 부합하는 것으로 나타났다. 선진국으로부터의 FDI 유입이 압도적이다. 미국과 일본으로부터의 FDI 유입이 큰 비중을 차지하는 가운데 유럽 국가들로부터의 FDI 유입도 중요한 비중을 차지한다. 경제 규모가 큰 중국으로부터의 유입 증가도 한 특징이다.다음으로 자본집약도가 높은 전기전자, 화공, 기계장비 등의 제조업과 금융, 유통, 사업서비스 등의 FDI 유입 비중이 높았다. 아울러 2000년 이후 한국은 서비스 FDI 유입이 제조업 FDI 유입에 비해 두 배 가까이 크다는 것도 특징이라하겠다. 반면 대부분의 선진국에서는 인수합병(M&A) 위주의 FDI 흐름이 나타나는데 한국은 아직 M&A의 비중이 낮다. 둘째, 경제협력개발기구(OECD) 서비스무역제한지수(STRI)를 한국이 체결한 2015년까지의 FTA를 반영하여 연도별로 새로 도출하였다. 반영 결과 한국은 FTA를 통해 법률·회계·통신 분야에서 최혜국 대우 기준에 비해 추가적인 규제완화와 개방이 이루어졌으며 그 외의 분야에서는 STRI상의 개선은 없는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 서비스 규제완화가 세계 38개국으로부터 한국으로의 외국인직접투자유입에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 분석하였다. 서비스업 분야의 경우 사전에 예상한 바와 같이 서비스 규제완화가 서비스업 분야의 외국인직접투자 유입에 긍정적인 역할을 한 것으로 나타났다. 한편 서비스 규제완화가 제조업 분야의 외국인직접투자 유입에도 긍정적인 역할을 한 것으로 분석되었는데 이는 제3장 에서 논의한 바와 같이 서비스 규제완화가 전 산업에 걸쳐 기업 운영 시 발생하는 고정 간접비용을 낮추었기 때문으로 판단된다. English Abstract: This report investigates the reduction of regulatory restrictiveness in services sectors in Korea using recent free trade agreements in effect and studies its impact on FDI inflows. The research outcomes provide three main findings as follows. First, FDI inflows of Korea closely follow the trend of global FDI flows. FDI inflows to Korea from developed economies have appeared dominant; FDI inflows from the U.S., Japan and European economies account for the major share. The increase of FDI inflows from China is significant. Moreover, the FDI inflow shares of capital-intensive industries such as electronic, chemical, and machinery in manufacturing and financial, distribution, and business in services are also large. The fact that FDI inflows in services have become two times larger than those in manufacturing since early 2000’s is noteworthy. In the meantime, while FDI flows in forms of M&A in most developed economies, M&As as a form of FDI are still less prevalent in Korea. Second, Korea’s services trade restrictiveness indices provided by the OECD are updated and recalculated reflecting the FTAs recently put in force. Further liberalization through recent FTAs in force is identified in legal, accounting and telecommunications services. Third, this report analyzes the impact of services liberalization on FDI inflows in Korea. As suggested in theoretical predictions, further services liberalization through FTAs plays a positive role in FDI inflows in Korea. Such outcomes are derived not only in services sectors but in manufacturing sectors as well.

Suggested Citation

  • Kim, Jong Duk & Cho, Moon hee & Eom, Jun Hyun & Chung, Min-Chirl, 2016. "서비스 분야 규제완화가 외국인직접투자에 미치는 영향: STRI를 중심으로 (Reduction of Regulatory Restrictiveness in Services Sectors and Its Impact on FDI Inflows: Focused on STRI)," Policy Analyses 16-5, Korea Institute for International Economic Policy.
  • Handle: RePEc:ris:kieppa:2016_005
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    Keywords

    Service Sector; FDI Inflow; STRI;
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