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미국 통화정책 정상화에 따른 출구전략 효과 및 시사점 (The Normalization of US Monetary Policy and its Implications)

Author

Listed:
  • Yoon , Yeo Joon

    (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy)

  • Lee , Woong

    (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy)

  • Kwon , Hyuk Ju

    (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy)

  • Moon , Seongman

    (Chonbuk National University)

Abstract

Korean Abstract: 2013년 12월 시작된 연방준비제도 (이하 연준)의 테이퍼링과 2014년 10월 발표된 양적완화의 종료는 미국의 본격적인 통화정책 정상화를 예고하고 있다. 이는 이르면 2015년 말 기준금리 인상으로 시작될 전망이다. 미 통화당국은 2008년 시작된 금융위기의 타개를 위해 다수의 비전통적인 (unconventional) 정책도구들을 양산하였다. 먼저 기준금리인 연방기금금리를 0∼0.25% 수준까지 낮추었고 대규모 자산매입 (Large Scale Asset Purchase: LSAP)을 통해 장기국채, 주택정당증권 등의 자산을 매입하였다. 전통적으로 연준이 공개시장조작을 통해 단기국채 위주로 매매하였음을 볼 때, 대규모자산매입을 통해 연준이 사들인 자산의 면면은 양적완화 정책의 비전통성에 중요한 일부분을 차지한다고 볼 수 있다. 또한 ‘대규모’라는 말이 시사하듯 LSAP를 통한 연준의 자산 매입 규모 역시 전례 없는 것으로, 이 기간 중 총 $4.5조의 자산을 매입하였고 이로 인해 연준의 밸런스쉬트는 크게 증가했다. 정리해보면 미국의 통화정책 정상화는 Zero Lower Bound 에 도달한 기준금리를 인상시키는 문제 그리고 비전통적인 자산을 포함하고 있으며 크게 증가한 연준의 밸런스쉬트를 처리하는 문제로 생각할 수 있다. 본 연구는 통화정책 정상화가 수반하는 문제점은 무엇인지, 그리고 연준이 이를 위해 어떠한 출구전략을 고려하고 있는지에 대해 살펴보았다. 그리고 더 나아가 각 출구전략에 대한 효과를 분석하였으며 이를 바탕으로 우리에게 주는 시사점을 도출하였다. 이러한 과정의 세부적인 이해 없이는 미국의 통화정책 정상화가 우리에게 미치는 영향에 대한 분석 역시 제한적일 수 있으며 이에 대한 빈자리를 채워주는 것이 본 연구의 주된 목적이다. English Abstract: The Fed's exit from the unconventional monetary policy it has implemented since 2008, is imminent. To combat the Great Recession, the Fed lowered its policy rate to 0∼0.25% range and through Large Scale Asset Purchase (LSAP), acquired substantial amount of long-term government bonds and Mortgage Backed Securities (MBS). As U.S. economy is showing signs of recovery from the deepest recession since the Great Depression, these unprecedented policy measures are expected to be normalized soon. The normalization process will begin with raising the federal funds rate that has been kept near the zero lower bound for more than 5 years. Equally important component of the exit process is the normalization of the balance sheet. Not only the scale of the asset purchase was huge but also asset classes that the Fed bought through LSAP were not conventional. Traditionally the Fed, through the Open Market Operations, has been buying and selling short-term government bonds but LSAP bought mostly long-term government bonds and MBS. The normalization process will involve rate-raising and scaling down the balance sheet as well as returning SOMA portfolio back to the pre-crisis statue. This paper explores the exit strategy that the Fed is planning in order to normalize the monetary policy and possible problems that it would face in implementing these strategies. It also estimates the effects of raising the federal funds rate and normalizing the balance sheet (by selling assets), using econometric tools. Without understanding of these tools and procedures in details any further analysis on the effects of U.S. monetary policy normalization on Korean economy would be superficial.

Suggested Citation

  • Yoon , Yeo Joon & Lee , Woong & Kwon , Hyuk Ju & Moon , Seongman, 2015. "미국 통화정책 정상화에 따른 출구전략 효과 및 시사점 (The Normalization of US Monetary Policy and its Implications)," Policy Analyses 15-23, Korea Institute for International Economic Policy.
  • Handle: RePEc:ris:kieppa:2015_023
    DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2779396
    Note: Downloadable document is in Korean.
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    Keywords

    Monetary Policy --United States; The Great Depression; The New Deal Policy; Excess Reserve; Balance Sheet; Exit Plan; United States;
    All these keywords.

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