Migranti, Europa e Mediterraneo[Migrants, Europe and Mediterranean Sea]

This essay primarily examines the significant economic, political, religious, and demographic disparities among Mediterranean-bordering countries, with a central focus on the migrant issue in the region. It delves into the array of international agreements formed by both the Italian government and the European Union to mitigate the influx of migrants. Additionally, it scrutinizes the strategies devised by the government of our country to address the underlying causes of irregular migration while concurrently promoting forms of regulated and monitored migration. Furthermore, it addresses crucial economic matters pertaining to energy supply from select countries in the "Enlarged Mediterranean" which produce gas and oil, as well as technological transfer initiatives aimed at aiding less developed nations in their developmental pursuits. The central theme of the Dublin Treaty, which still underpins the reception system for migrants arriving in the European Union, and the discussion of the New Pact for Migration and Asylum, approved by the European Parliament in April 2024 to address certain shortcomings of the Dublin Treaty, are the two focal points of this essay. Finally, the essay outlines the principles that should guide policies to address the issue of migration. These are: legality, transparency, and cooperation.