Рикардо В Зазеркалье: Таможенно-Тарифная Политика Сквозь Призму Теории Сравнительных Преимуществ[Ricardo Through the Looking Glass: Tariff Policy through the Lens of the Theory of Comparative Advantage]

As a result of premature liberalization of foreign trade in developing countries, the most advanced industries are destroyed first, and only primitive ones survive – agriculture, mining and primary processing of raw materials, including metallurgy, and screwdriver assembly of final products from imported components. This paper on a conceptual level shows how import tariffs can prevent industrial primitivization. At the same time, it is shown that the devaluation of the national currency has absolutely no long-term effect. Most importantly, if under free trade the most advanced industries disappear first, then if reasonable (not symbolic) import tariffs are introduced, the most advanced industries are the first to recover. Customs barriers favor high-tech industries the most, having a much smaller impact on primitive ones.