Efikasnost društvenog, privatnog i mešovitog sektora industrije Srbije u 1994. godini[The Efficiency of Socialy, Privately and Mixed Owned Sector of the Manufacturing of the Republic of Serbia in the Year 1994]

Serbian: Članak analizira performanse svojinskih sektora industrije Srbije u 1994. Faktorskom analizom koeficijenata otkriveni su faktori koji opredeljuju poslovanje industrije, odnosno posmatranih sektora. Rezultati nisu jednoznačni. Prema osnovnim performansama i vrednostima većine koeficijenata, privatni sektor je najuspešniji. Ali, granska struktura broja preduzeća ukazuje na asimetriju: najveći je udeo privatnih u broju preduzeća u granama gde je velik broj preduzeća, i koje uglavnom proizvode predmete široke potrošnje. Pošto u našoj privredi nema ujednačavanja profitnih stopa kroz medugransku konkurenciju, deo dobrih rezultata privatni sektor postiže zahvaljujući ovom asimetričnom rasporedu. Analiza opštih faktora ukazuje da je profitabilnost najznačajnija u mešovitom sektoru, konstituisanom uglavnom od najboljih preduzeća, koja su transformisana brzo po početku procesa svojinske transformacije i sačuvala dobre performanse. Zaključuje se da je mešoviti sektor vitalan i da će biti snažan faktor oporavljanja privrede Srbije. S obzirom na njegov opšti značaj njemu i ubuduće treba poklanjati maksimalnu pažnju. Privatni sektor je opravdao očekivanja, iako su ona delom bila preterana. Mada od manjeg značaja za rešavanje nekih ključnih problema (nezaposlenost), omogućavanje njegovog slobodnog ulaska u proizvodnju je opravdano i mora ostati cilj ekonomske politike. English: The paper analyses performances of ownership sectors in Serbian manufacturing industry in 1994. Factor analysis of the coefficients revealed the factors that determine the success of three owned forms defined. The results are not unambiguous. On the basic performances and major coefficients, the private sector is the most effective. But, the distribution of the enterprises by the branches shows asymmetry: the private enterprises are most frequent in the branches where the number of enterprises is great, and where mainly the products of consumption are made. In our economy there is no profit rate equalizing by the competition through the branches, so it is evident that this sector the parts of results gained because this asymmetry. Analysis of common factors shown the profitability is most important in mixed sector, constituted from best enterprises quickly after the establishing of the privatization process, which retained good performances. The analysis shown the mixed sector has vitality and could be strong factor in the Serbian economy recovery. By its common importance it has to be sector of maximal importance. Private sector was the sector of great expectation, and also had good results, but expectations were overestimated. Though the private sector could not be only solution for some key problem (unemployment) its free entry was justified and have to be the aim of economic policy.