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Identifying Risks and Ethical Considerations of AI in Gambling: A Scoping Review

Author

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  • Ghaharian, Kasra

    (University of Nevada, Las Vegas)

  • Binesh, Nasim

Abstract

The proliferation of data and artificial intelligence (AI) throughout society has raised concerns about its potential misuse and threats across industries. In this paper we explore the risks and ethical considerations of AI applications in gambling, an industry that makes significant contributions to many tourism destinations and local economies around the world. We conducted a scoping review to collect the breadth of literature and to understand the current state of knowledge. Our search yielded 2,499 potentially relevant documents, from which we deemed 16 as eligible for inclusion. A content analysis revealed convergence around six main themes: (1) Explainability, (2) Exploitation, (3) Algorithmic Flaws, (4) Consumer Rights, (5) Accountability, and (6) Human-in-the-Loop. We found that these gambling-specific themes largely overlap with broader AI principles. Most records focused on algorithmic strategies to reduce gambling-related harm (n = 12/16), thus we call for more attention to be turned to commercially driven AI applications. We provide a theoretical evaluation that illustrates the challenges involved for stakeholders tasked with governing AI risks and associated ethical considerations. As a globally reaching product, gambling regulators and operators need to be cognizant, not just of philosophical principles, but also of the rich tapestry of global ethical traditions.

Suggested Citation

  • Ghaharian, Kasra & Binesh, Nasim, 2024. "Identifying Risks and Ethical Considerations of AI in Gambling: A Scoping Review," OSF Preprints gpyub, Center for Open Science.
    • Handle: RePEc:osf:osfxxx:gpyub
    DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/gpyub
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