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Peluang dan Tantangan Pekerja Migran Indonesia dalam Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN

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  • Zulfikar, Achmad

Abstract

Masyarakat ASEAN telah mulai berlaku sejak 31 Desember 2015 dengan tiga pilar yakni Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN, Masyarakat Politik dan Keamanan ASEAN dan Masyarakat Sosial Budaya ASEAN. Pekerja migran Indonesia/tenaga kerja Indonesia (PMI/TKI) memiliki potensi yang luar biasa untuk dikembangkan. Statistik Badan Nasional Penempatan dan Perlindungan Tenaga Kerja Indonesia (BNP2TKI) menunjukkan penempatan PMI/TKI pada tahun 2011 sebanyak 586.802 orang, selanjutnya 494.609 orang (2012), 512.168 orang (2013), 429.872 orang (2014) dan 275.736 orang di tahun 2015. Statistik tersebut menunjukkan angka yang cukup signifikan. Fakta yang menarik dari migrasi pekerja Indonesia di kawasan Asia Tenggara yakni Malaysia menjadi negara penempatan dengan jumlah terbesar. Disusul Singapura, Brunei Darussalam dan Thailand. Keempat negara anggota ASEAN ini berada di antara 25 negara penempatan TKI/PMI dari sebaran 170 negara. Teori konvergensi menjadi kerangka teoretik yang digunakan dalam kajian ini. Metode yang digunakan yakni studi pustaka untuk menelusuri sumber-sumber informasi yang relevan dengan kajian ini. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahwa TKI/PMI berpeluang untuk mengakses lapangan kerja yang telah disepakati bersama oleh negara anggota ASEAN melalui Mutual Recognition Agreements (MRA), namun demikian profesi yang telah disepakati MRAs masih membutuhkan dukungan untuk pengembangannya dari pemerintah Indonesia agar dapat dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Sedangkan tantangan yang dihadapi yakni profil TKI/PMI yang masih didominasi oleh tenaga kerja informal, sehingga diperlukan upaya pemerintah Indonesia untuk meningkatkan minat sebagai tenaga kerja formal. --- The ASEAN Community has come into force on 31 December 2015 with three pillars i.e. ASEAN Economic Community, ASEAN Political and Security Community and ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community. Indonesian migrant workers (IMW) have tremendous potential to develop. Statistics of the National Agency for the Placement and Protection of Indonesian Workers (BNP2TKI) shows the placement of IMW in 2011 with 586.802 people, 494.609 people (2012), 512.168 persons (2013), 429.872 people (2014) and 275.736 people in 2015. Statistics shows a significant number of migrant workers abroad. Interesting facts of Indonesia's migration for works in Southeast Asia, Malaysia became the country with the largest number of placements. Followed by Singapore, Brunei Darussalam and Thailand. These four ASEAN member countries are located among 25 countries placement of IMW from the distribution of 170 countries. Convergence theory became the theoretical framework used in this study. The method used is literature study to trace the sources of information relevant to this study. This study concludes that IMW has the opportunity to access employment which has been agreed upon by ASEAN member countries through Mutual Recognition Agreements (MRA), however the profession agreed by MRAs still needs support for its development from the Indonesian government in order to be optimally utilized. While the challenge faced is the profile of IMW is still dominated by informal workers, so it takes the Indonesian government efforts to increase interest as a formal workforce.

Suggested Citation

  • Zulfikar, Achmad, 2017. "Peluang dan Tantangan Pekerja Migran Indonesia dalam Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN," INA-Rxiv 9twcv, Center for Open Science.
    • Handle: RePEc:osf:inarxi:9twcv
    DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/9twcv
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    1. Orbeta, Aniceto Jr. C., 2013. "Enhancing Labor Mobility in ASEAN: Focus on Lower-skilled Workers," Discussion Papers DP 2013-17, Philippine Institute for Development Studies.
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