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Measuring Educational Inequalities in Mortality Statistics

Author

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  • Johan Mackenbach

    (Organization of American States)

  • Gwenn Menvielle
  • Domantas Jasilionis
  • Rianne de Gelder

Abstract

All OECD countries are faced with substantial inequalities in health status between socioeconomic groups within their populations. One aspect of these inequalities for which data are routinely available in many countries is inequalities in mortality by level of education: people with a lower level of education typically have considerably higher death rates and lower life expectancy than people with a higher level of education. The OECD recently started a project to generate measures of the distributions of ages at death by educational level, gender and cause of death for as many countries as possible. This working paper aims to highlight the most important methodological issues to be faced when trying to create valid statistics on mortality by level of education, and to highlight how different methodologies may affect results and comparisons. Topics covered include study designs (e.g. use of cross-sectional census-unlinked versus longitudinal census-linked data), data harmonization issues (e.g. use of a common educational classification scheme), and data analysis issues (e.g. choice of a summary measure of inequalities in mortality). The paper ends with a number of recommendations for data analysts. On observe dans tous les pays de l’OCDE des inégalités considérables entre les différents groupes socioéconomiques de leur population du point de vue de l'état de santé. Ces inégalités, pour lesquelles des données sont régulièrement disponibles dans de nombreux pays, se manifestent notamment par une mortalité différente selon le niveau d’études : en effet, les individus ayant un faible niveau d’instruction enregistrent généralement des taux de mortalité beaucoup plus élevés et ont une espérance de vie plus courte que ceux ayant suivi de plus longues études. L’OCDE a récemment lancé un projet visant à élaborer des indicateurs de la répartition de l’âge au décès par niveau d’études, par sexe et par cause du décès dans le plus grand nombre de pays possible. Ce document mets en évidence les principales difficultés d’ordre méthodologique que l’on rencontre lorsque l’on tente d’établir des statistiques valables sur la mortalité par niveau d’études, et à montrer comment des méthodologies différentes risquent d’avoir un impact sur les résultats et les comparaisons. Parmi les thèmes abordés figurent la conception des études (par exemple l’exploitation de données transversales non liées au recensement ou à l’inverse de données longitudinales extraites du recensement), la question de l’harmonisation des données (par exemple l’utilisation d’un dispositif commun de classification de l’éducation), et celle relative à l’analyse des données (par exemple le choix d’un indicateur synthétique des inégalités en matière de mortalité). Le document se termine par un certain nombre de recommandations à l’intention des responsables de l’analyse des données.

Suggested Citation

  • Johan Mackenbach & Gwenn Menvielle & Domantas Jasilionis & Rianne de Gelder, 2015. "Measuring Educational Inequalities in Mortality Statistics," OECD Statistics Working Papers 2015/8, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:stdaaa:2015/8-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5jrqppx182zs-en
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