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Keeping Track: Options to Develop International Greenhouse Gas Unit Accounting after 2012

Author

Listed:
  • Andrew Prag

    (OECD)

  • André Aasrud

    (International Energy Agency)

  • Christina Hood

    (International Energy Agency)

Abstract

This paper examines environmental and institutional implications of the use of tradable GHG units under different international accounting scenarios in the post-2012 international climate change policy framework. A range of possible scenarios is presented based on analysis on various building blocks for emissions accounting. On one side continuation of a Kyoto Protocol type accounting approach is considered with allocation of centrally-administered emissions allowances for Annex I countries. On the other side, a less centralised system is presented based on emission reduction pledges by countries. Aspects of these two scenarios are then combined to identify common elements in a middle ground scenario. The middle ground scenario presented would not use centrally-allocated emissions allowances but would retain some level of commonly-agreed accounting rules to ensure shared understanding of the content and scope of pledges, and to provide a stable platform for international use of offset units. The middle-ground scenario also envisages a role for UNFCCC bodies to set standards for new credit-based market mechanisms, and suggests that the existing International Transaction Log might be modified to track new unit types in addition to existing Kyoto Protocol units. Transparent tracking of units would help to minimize the risk of “double counting” of emissions reductions towards the emissions objective of more than one country. Ce document examine les implications environnementales et institutionnelles de l’utilisation d’unités de GES négociables selon différents scénarios de comptabilité internationale, dans le cadre de l’action internationale relative au changement climatique pour l’après-2012. Il présente une série de scénarios possibles en s’appuyant sur l’analyse de différents éléments à prendre en considération pour comptabiliser les émissions. D’une part, il envisage le maintien d’une méthode de type « Protocole de Kyoto », avec l’attribution de quotas d’émissions gérés de manière centralisée pour les pays de l’annexe I. D’autre part, il expose un système moins centralisé, reposant sur les engagements de réduction des pays. Différents aspects de ces deux scénarios sont ensuite combinés pour dégager des éléments communs et définir un scénario intermédiaire. Celui-ci ne comporterait pas de quotas d’émissions attribués de manière centralisée, mais conserverait un certain nombre de règles comptables agréées conjointement, afin de garantir une interprétation commune de la teneur et de la portée des engagements et à asseoir l’utilisation internationale des unités de compensation sur des bases solides. Le scénario intermédiaire prévoit également que les organes de la CCNUCC fixent des normes concernant les nouveaux mécanismes de marché fondés sur le principe des crédits-carbone, et envisage la modification du Registre international des transactions (RIT) qui existe actuellement de façon à permettre, outre le suivi des unités découlant du Protocole de Kyoto, celui des nouveaux types d’unités. Un suivi transparent des unités de GES contribuerait à limiter le risque de « double comptabilisation » des réductions d’émissions pour atteindre les objectifs dans plus d’un pays.

Suggested Citation

  • Andrew Prag & André Aasrud & Christina Hood, 2011. "Keeping Track: Options to Develop International Greenhouse Gas Unit Accounting after 2012," OECD/IEA Climate Change Expert Group Papers 2011/1, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:envaab:2011/1-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5k450qb83vq8-en
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    changement climatique; climate change; comptabilisation des émissions; emissions accounting; greenhouse gas units; market mechanisms; mécanismes de marché; unités de gaz à effet de serre;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F53 - International Economics - - International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy - - - International Agreements and Observance; International Organizations
    • Q54 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Climate; Natural Disasters and their Management; Global Warming
    • Q56 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental Accounts and Accounting; Environmental Equity; Population Growth
    • Q58 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environmental Economics: Government Policy

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