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Recent Oil Price Movements: Forces and Policy Issues

Author

Listed:
  • Eckhard Wurzel

    (OECD)

  • Luke Willard

    (OECD)

  • Patrice Ollivaud

    (OECD)

Abstract

Crude oil prices have trended up since the end of the 1990s, peaking at a historic high in mid-2008 that was followed by a steep price correction with a subsequent rebound. This paper considers major forces behind the evolution of the oil price, using a simple model of supply and demand elasticities as a benchmark, highlights implications for inflation and economic activity and draws some conclusions for macroeconomic policy. The analysis suggests that the run-up in crude oil prices since 2003 was due to both vigorous oil demand growth by emerging markets and, from the middle of the decade onward, a weaker than expected oil supply response to rising prices. Prices are unlikely to fall back to levels seen in the first years of the decade either over the short or medium term. Évolution récente du prix du pétrole : Facteurs explicatifs et questions de politiques économiques Les prix du pétrole brut ont crû régulièrement depuis la fin des années 90, jusqu’à atteindre un plus haut historique à la mi-2008 et ont ensuite été suivi par une baisse significative puis un nouveau rebond. Ce document met en exergue les forces principales derrière cette évolution des prix du pétrole en utilisant comme référence un modèle simple d’élasticités de l’offre et de la demande. Ensuite sont mis en évidence les implications pour l’inflation et l’activité économique. Enfin des conclusions sont tirées pour la politique macroéconomique. L’analyse suggère que l’augmentation des prix du pétrole depuis 2003 provient à la fois d’une croissance dynamique de la demande de pétrole en provenance des marchés émergents, et depuis la seconde moitié de la décennie d’une réaction plus faible que prévue de l’offre de pétrole face à des prix en hausse. Il est peu probable que les prix retombent à des niveaux prévalant les premières années de cette décennie que ce soit dans le court ou le moyen terme.

Suggested Citation

  • Eckhard Wurzel & Luke Willard & Patrice Ollivaud, 2009. "Recent Oil Price Movements: Forces and Policy Issues," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 737, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:737-en
    DOI: 10.1787/220061071212
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Jobling, Andrew & Jamasb, Tooraj, 2017. "Price volatility and demand for oil: A comparative analysis of developed and developing countries," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 96-113.
    2. Ansgar Belke & Daniel Gros, 2014. "A simple model of an oil based global savings glut—the “China factor”and the OPEC cartel," International Economics and Economic Policy, Springer, vol. 11(3), pages 413-430, September.
    3. Refk Selmi & Shawkat Hammoudeh & Mark E. Wohar, 2023. "What drives most jumps in global crude oil prices? Fundamental shortage conditions, cartel, geopolitics or the behaviour of financial market participants," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 46(3), pages 598-618, March.
    4. Jean-Marc Fournier & Isabell Koske & Isabelle Wanner & Vera Zipperer, 2013. "The Price of Oil – Will it Start Rising Again?," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1031, OECD Publishing.
    5. Olexandr Yemelyanov & Anastasiya Symak & Tetyana Petrushka & Roman Lesyk & Lilia Lesyk, 2018. "Evaluation of the Adaptability of the Ukrainian Economy to Changes in Prices for Energy Carriers and to Energy Market Risks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-34, December.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    crude oil price; demande de pétrole; macroeconomic issues; offre de pétrole; oil demand; oil supply; prix du pétrole brut; questions macroéconomiques;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • Q41 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Demand and Supply; Prices
    • Q43 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Energy and the Macroeconomy

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