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The Impact of Ageing on Demand, Factor Markets and Growth

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Author Info
Joaquim Oliveira Martins
Frédéric Gonand
Pablo Antolín
Christine de la Maisonneuve
Kwang-Yeol Yoo

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Abstract

This paper examines the channels through which ageing will shape the main economic factors that in turn affect potential growth; identifies current policy settings that may in fact amplify the adverse impact of demographic trends; and sets out policy reforms that will work to temper the effects of ageing on growth. The paper begins with a brief discussion of demographic issues. The analysis first focuses on the impact of these trends on the future level and structure of consumption, which may affect aggregate saving and the structure of the economy, respectively. Then, it explores the main channels through which ageing affects the supply side of the economy following a production function approach: capital markets, labour markets and productivity. The empirical analysis focuses on a subset of large OECD countries with differing ageing patterns and generosity of pension systems. Using a simple general equilibrium overlapping generations model and considering alternative reform scenarios, some illustrative simulations are presented decomposing the effects of ageing on potential GDP per capita growth and economic convergence within OECD countries.

Effets du vieillissement sur la demande, les marchés des facteurs de production et la croissance
Cette étude examine les canaux par lesquels le vieillissement de la population est susceptible d'affecter l'économie et la croissance potentielle. Elle identifie les dispositifs actuels qui pourraient amplifier les effets négatifs induits par les tendances démographiques et analyse les réformes pouvant limiter ces effets. L'étude commence par une brève discussion relative aux évolutions démographiques. Leur effet sur le niveau et la structure de la consommation est ensuite analysé, ainsi que leur impact sur le niveau d'épargne agrégé et la structure de l'économie. L'effet sur l'offre est analysé suivant une approche de type fonction de production: marchés des capitaux, du travail et productivité. L'analyse empirique se concentre sur un sousensemble de grands pays de l'OCDE qui diffèrent par leurs profils de vieillissement et par la générosité de leurs systèmes de pension. Utilisant un modèle simple d'équilibre général avec des générations imbriquées et des scénarios alternatifs de réforme, l'étude présente des simulations illustrant l'impact du vieillissement sur le PIB potentiel par tête et la convergence économique entre pays de l'OCDE.

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Publisher Info
Paper provided by OECD, Economics Department in its series OECD Economics Department Working Papers with number 420.

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Date of creation: 29 Mar 2005
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Handle: RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:420-en

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Related research
Keywords: ageing populations; economic convergence; longevity; old workers; overlapping generation model; pension reform; convergence économique; longévité; modèle à générations imbriquées; réforme des systèmes de pensions; travailleurs âgés; vieillissement de la population;

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Find related papers by JEL classification:
C68 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods and Programming - - - Computable General Equilibrium Models
D91 - Microeconomics - - Intertemporal Choice and Growth - - - Intertemporal Consumer Choice; Life Cycle Models and Saving
G10 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - General (includes Measurement and Data)
J11 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Demographic Trends and Forecasts
J26 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Retirement; Retirement Policies

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  1. Robert Holzmann, 2005. "Demographic Alternatives for Aging Industrial Countries: Increased Total Fertility Rate, Labor Force Participation, or Immigration," IZA Discussion Papers 1885, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). [Downloadable!]
  2. David Hauner & Manmohan S. Kumar, 2006. "Fiscal Policy and Interest Rates--How Sustainable Is the "New Economy"?," IMF Working Papers 06/112, International Monetary Fund. [Downloadable!]
  3. Ulrich Thießen, 2007. "Aging and Structural Change," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 742, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research. [Downloadable!]
  4. Sandrine Mathy & Céline Guivarch, 2009. "What if energy decoupling of emerging economies were not so spontaneous? An illustrative example on India," Post-Print halshs-00366274_v1, HAL. [Downloadable!]
  5. Bodor , Andras & Robalino, David & Rutkowski, Michal, 2008. "How Mandatory Pensions Affect Labor Supply Decisions and Human Capital Accumulation? Options to Bridge the Gap between Economic Theory and Policy Analysis," MPRA Paper 12046, University Library of Munich, Germany. [Downloadable!]
  6. Frédéric Gonand, 2005. "Effect on potential growth of non-sustainable public debt dynamics: an application to France," Working Papers hal-00242973_v1, HAL. [Downloadable!]
  7. Ulrich Thiessen & Konstantin A. Kholodilin & Boriss Siliverstovs, 2008. "Does Aging Influence Sectoral Employment Shares? Evidence from Panel Datak," KOF Working papers 08-214, KOF Swiss Economic Institute, ETH Zurich. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  8. Charles Engel, 2005. "The US Current Account Deficit: A Re-examination of the Role of Private Saving," RBA Research Discussion Papers rdp2005-09, Reserve Bank of Australia. [Downloadable!]
  9. Martin Werding, 2008. "Ageing and Productivity Growth: Are there Macro-level Cohort Effects of Human Capital?," CESifo Working Paper Series CESifo Working Paper No. , CESifo Group Munich. [Downloadable!]
  10. Jean Pisani-Ferry, 2007. "Emploi, salaires, sécurité professionnelle : que peut-on attendre du débat politique ?," Reflets et perspectives de la vie économique, De Boeck Université, vol. 0(1), pages 129-139. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  11. Vodopivec, Milan & Arunatilake, Nisha, 2008. "The Impact of Population Aging on the Labor Market: The Case of Sri Lanka," IZA Discussion Papers 3456, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). [Downloadable!]
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