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Realising and expanding opportunities in the United States

Author

Listed:
  • Damien Azzopardi

    (OECD)

  • Jonathan Millar

    (OECD)

  • Douglas Sutherland

    (OECD)

Abstract

Measures that enable the acquisition of new skills and reduce mismatches between the demand and supply of existing skills can boost US economic growth and make its benefits more inclusive. Although overall schooling performance has generally improved over time, many disadvantaged students still fail to achieve basic numeracy and literacy. Many parents are denied the opportunity to make their most productive contribution to the economy due to a lack of paid parental leave provisions, publicly-funded childcare and early-childhood education. Discrimination against individuals on the basis of race and gender or those with criminal records can also create barriers to opportunity. Some geographic areas of the country are performing very well, while others are being held back by governance structures that are ill-equipped to deal with economic, social, and environmental challenges. Getting the right policies and infrastructure in place in a timely manner can expand opportunity in these areas. Concrétisation et amélioration des chances aux États-Unis La croissance économique des États-Unis peut être stimulée et rendue plus inclusive au moyen de mesures qui favorisent l’acquisition de nouvelles compétences et réduisent l’inadéquation entre les compétences existantes offertes et celles demandées. Bien que les résultats scolaires dans leur ensemble se soient globalement améliorés au fil du temps, de nombreux élèves défavorisés ne parviennent toujours pas à acquérir les compétences élémentaires en calcul et à l’écrit. De nombreux parents sont privés de la possibilité d’apporter à l’économie la contribution la plus productive possible en raison de l’absence ou du manque de congés parentaux rémunérés, de services d’accueil des jeunes enfants à financement public et de structures d’éducation préscolaire. Les discriminations fondées sur la race ou le sexe, ou celles qui s’exercent à l’encontre des personnes ayant des antécédents judiciaires, peuvent aussi limiter l’accès aux chances. Certaines zones géographiques du pays sont très prospères, tandis que d’autres sont handicapées par des structures de gouvernance inadaptées aux défis économiques, sociaux et environnementaux à relever. Pour améliorer les chances dans ces différents domaines, il conviendrait de mettre rapidement en place des politiques et des infrastructures appropriées.

Suggested Citation

  • Damien Azzopardi & Jonathan Millar & Douglas Sutherland, 2016. "Realising and expanding opportunities in the United States," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1333, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1333-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5jlpq7t9vzbx-en
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