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Sustaining the economic expansion in New Zealand

Author

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  • Corinne Luu

    (OECD)

Abstract

The NZ economy has performed well over the past few years, having achieved relatively strong GDP and employment growth. However, some constraints to sustaining this momentum beyond the short term are emerging in the fields of skills, housing and urban infrastructure. Skills shortages have risen most in construction trades and management occupations. Housing shortages are most severe in Auckland, reflecting supply constraints in the face of population increases. As a result, prices are rising, reducing affordability. Urban infrastructure, particularly for road transportation, is also strained. In this respect, policy has a role to play in expanding economic capacity by reducing supply-side constraints and fostering productivity growth. At times New Zealand’s fiscal policy has been expansionary during upturns. Ensuring that permanent spending or tax cuts are implemented in a sustainable manner would encourage the strong fiscal position that New Zealand needs to meet potentially large macroeconomic shocks and long-run ageing-related costs. This Working Paper relates to the 2015 OECD Economic Review of New Zealand (www.oecd.org/newzealand/economic-survey-new-zealand.htm) Pérenniser la croissance en Nouvelle-Zélande L’économie néo-zélandaise a enregistré de bons résultats durant ces dernières années, et le PIB tout comme l’emploi ont bénéficié de taux de croissance relativement élevés. Toutefois, cette dynamique pourrait être contrariée à moyen terme par plusieurs difficultés émergentes en matière de compétences, de logement et d’infrastructures urbaines. Les pénuries de compétences affectent principalement les métiers de la construction et les fonctions d’encadrement. Le déficit de logements est avant tout marqué à Auckland, en raison des contraintes pesant sur l’offre de logements et de l’accroissement démographique. Les prix sont donc tirés à la hausse tandis que les possibilités d’accéder au logement diminuent. Les infrastructures, notamment les réseaux routiers, présentent également des insuffisances. À cet égard, les politiques publiques peuvent contribuer à accroître les capacités économiques, en réduisant les contraintes sur le versant de l’offre, et en favorisant les gains de productivité. Par le passé, la Nouvelle-Zélande a suivi une politique budgétaire expansionniste durant certaines phases de reprise économique. Il convient de s’assurer de la viabilité financière à long terme de toute mesure entraînant des dépenses budgétaires ou fiscales permanentes, afin que la Nouvelle-Zélande se trouve dans une situation budgétaire solide lui permettant de faire face à d’éventuels chocs macroéconomiques d’importance et d’assumer, à plus long terme, les coûts liés au vieillissement de sa population. Ce Document de travail se rapporte à l’Étude économique de l’OCDE de la Nouvelle-Zélande 2015 (www.oecd.org/fr/nouvellezelande/etude-economique-nouvelle-zelande.htm).

Suggested Citation

  • Corinne Luu, 2015. "Sustaining the economic expansion in New Zealand," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1247, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1247-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5jrxqbg8c8np-en
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    fiscal councils; fiscal policy; housing prices; immigration; infrastructure; labour market; saving; urban planning;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E21 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Consumption; Saving; Wealth
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • H54 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Infrastructures
    • H6 - Public Economics - - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt
    • J2 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor
    • J61 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers
    • R31 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location - - - Housing Supply and Markets
    • R4 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Transportation Economics
    • R52 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Regional Government Analysis - - - Land Use and Other Regulations

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