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Finance and economic growth in OECD and G20 countries

Author

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  • Boris Cournède

    (OECD)

  • Oliver Denk

    (OECD)

Abstract

This paper shows that finance has been a key ingredient of long-term economic growth in OECD and G20 countries over the past half-century, but that there can be too much finance. The evidence indicates that at current levels of household and business credit further expansion slows rather than boosts growth. Causality from more credit to slower growth is supported by a novel empirical methodology which exploits changes in financial regulation across countries and time as a source of exogenous variation in financial size. The empirical analyses point to five factors that link more credit to slower growth: i) excessive financial deregulation, ii) a more pronounced increase in credit issuance by banks than other intermediaries, iii) too-big-to-fail guarantees by the public authorities for large financial institutions, iv) a lower quality of credit and v) a disproportionate rise of household compared with business credit. By contrast, expansions in stock market funding in general boost growth. Finance et croissance économique dans les pays de l'OCDE et du G20 Ce document montre que la finance a été une composante essentielle de la croissance économique à long terme dans les pays de l’OCDE et du G20 durant les cinquante dernières années, mais que parfois, il peut y avoir trop de finance. Certaines observations montrent en effet qu’au niveau actuel du crédit aux ménages et aux entreprises, toute nouvelle expansion freine plutôt qu’elle n’accélère la croissance. Des liens de causalité entre l’accroissement de l’offre de crédit et le ralentissement de la croissance sont mis en évidence par une nouvelle méthode empirique, qui utilise les modifications de la réglementation financière dans les pays et dans le temps comme une source de variation exogène de la taille de la finance. L’analyse empirique attire l’attention sur cinq facteurs qui établissent un lien entre l’accroissement de l’offre de crédit et le ralentissement de la croissance : i) une déréglementation financière excessive, ii) une émission de crédit par les banques en progression plus rapide que par les autres intermédiaires, iii) les garanties des pouvoirs publics sur les établissements d’importance systémique (TBTF), iv) une moindre qualité du crédit et v) une augmentation du crédit aux ménages nettement plus forte que celle du crédit aux entreprises. En revanche, l’accroissement du financement par actions en général stimule la croissance.

Suggested Citation

  • Boris Cournède & Oliver Denk, 2015. "Finance and economic growth in OECD and G20 countries," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1223, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1223-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5js04v8z0m38-en
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    Keywords

    bank credit; business credit; capital-market credit; croissance du PIB; crédit bancaire; debt finance; economic growth; equity finance; GDP growth; guarantees; housing credit; marché boursier; stock market; Too-big-to-fail;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G1 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets
    • G2 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services
    • G3 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance
    • O41 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models
    • O47 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country Output Convergence
    • O57 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Comparative Studies of Countries

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