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Reducing the High Rate of Poverty Among the Elderly in Korea

Author

Listed:
  • Randall S. Jones

    (OECD)

  • Satoshi Urasawa

    (OECD)

Abstract

One-half of Korea's population aged 65 and over lives in relative poverty, nearly four times higher than the OECD average of 13%. Elderly poverty is thus an urgent social problem. The immediate priority is to target the Basic Old-Age Pension on the lowest-income elderly to ensure that they escape from absolute poverty. The Basic Livelihood Security Programme should be used to top up the income of poor elderly by further relaxing eligibility requirements. In addition, reforms are needed to develop an effective three-pillar system of retirement income based on the National Pension Scheme (NPS), company pensions and individual savings. Making the NPS more effective in reducing elderly poverty requires expanding its coverage, focusing on improved compliance among non-regular and self-employed workers, lengthening average contribution periods and maintaining the NPS replacement at around 50%, keeping it close to the OECD average. The increase in the contribution rate should begin as soon as possible, as delays would only make the necessary increase larger. This Working Paper relates to the 2014 OECD Economic Survey of Korea (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-korea.htm) Réduire le taux de pauvreté élevé des personnes âgées en Corée La moitié de la population âgée de 65 ans et plus est en situation de pauvreté relative, ce qui est près de quatre fois plus élevé que la moyenne de 13 % constatée à l’échelle de l'OCDE. La pauvreté chez les personnes âgées constitue donc un problème de société urgent. La priorité immédiate est de cibler le minimum vieillesse sur les personnes âgées les plus démunies, pour éviter qu’elles ne tombent dans la pauvreté absolue. Le Programme de garantie du minimum de subsistance doit servir à compléter le revenu des personnes âgées pauvres en assouplissant davantage les conditions d'admissibilité. En outre, des réformes sont nécessaires pour mettre en place un régime de retraite à trois piliers : régime national de retraite (RNR), retraites d’entreprise et épargne individuelle. Pour rendre le RNR plus efficace dans la réduction de la pauvreté des personnes âgées, il faut étendre sa couverture, en se concentrant sur l'amélioration de la conformité chez les travailleurs non réguliers et indépendants, l’allongement de la période de cotisation moyenne et le maintien du taux de remplacement du RNR autour de 50 %, proche de la moyenne OCDE. L'augmentation du taux de cotisation devrait débuter le plus tôt possible, tout retard entraînant nécessairement une hausse plus importante. Ce Document de travail a trait à l’Étude économique de l’OCDE de la Corée, 2014 (www.oecd.org/fr/eco/etudes/coree.htm).

Suggested Citation

  • Randall S. Jones & Satoshi Urasawa, 2014. "Reducing the High Rate of Poverty Among the Elderly in Korea," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1163, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1163-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5jxx054fv20v-en
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Kang, Ji Young & Park, Sojung & Ahn, Seoyeon, 2022. "The effect of social pension on consumption among older adults in Korea," The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, Elsevier, vol. 22(C).
    2. Bing Xu & Maxwell Pak, 2021. "Child-raising cost and fertility from a contest perspective," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 186(1), pages 9-28, January.
    3. Sujin Kim & S.V. Subramanian, 2019. "Income Volatility and Depressive Symptoms among Elderly Koreans," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-12, September.
    4. Pak, Tae-Young, 2021. "What are the effects of expanding social pension on health? Evidence from the Basic Pension in South Korea," The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, Elsevier, vol. 18(C).
    5. Pak, Tae-Young, 2020. "Social protection for happiness? The impact of social pension reform on subjective well-being of the Korean elderly," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 42(2), pages 349-366.
    6. Taiwon Ha, 2023. "Identifying income heterogeneity determinants using the method of moments quantile regression," Asian-Pacific Economic Literature, The Crawford School, The Australian National University, vol. 37(1), pages 39-66, May.
    7. Kyongsun Heo & Jinhan Pae, 2021. "Pension Funding Regulations and Actuarial Gains and Losses," Australian Accounting Review, CPA Australia, vol. 31(1), pages 35-50, March.
    8. Knapp, David & Lopez Garcia, Italo & Kumar, Krishna & Lee, Jinkook & Won, Jongwook, 2021. "A dynamic behavioral model of Korean saving, work, and benefit claiming decisions," The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, Elsevier, vol. 20(C).
    9. Pak, Tae-Young, 2020. "Social protection for happiness? The impact of social pension reform on subjective well-being of the Korean elderly," MPRA Paper 115817, University Library of Munich, Germany.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Basic Livelihood Security Programme; basic old-age pension; company pensions; elderly poverty; Fonds national de retraite; indemnité de retraite; individual pension accounts; minimum vieillesse; National Pension Fund; National Pension Scheme; occupational pensions; pauvreté chez les plus âgés; population ageing; Programme de garantie du minimum de subsistance; replacement rate; retirement allowance; retraites d’entreprise; régime national de retraite; taux de remplacement; vieillissement de la population; épargne;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H55 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Social Security and Public Pensions
    • J26 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Retirement; Retirement Policies

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