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Does gender discrimination in social institutions matter for long-term growth?: Cross-country evidence

Author

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  • Gaëlle Ferrant

    (OECD)

  • Alexandre Kolev

    (OECD)

Abstract

This paper estimates the potential income gains associated with greater gender parity in social institutions and the cost of the current level of discrimination. Using cross-country analysis, it investigates how gender-based discrimination in social institutions, measured by the OECD Development Centre’s Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI), affects income per capita. First, the empirical results indicate that such discrimination impedes a country’s level of income beyond its effect on gender inequality in outcomes. Second, the effect is stronger for lowincome countries. Third, the channel decomposition analysis indicates that gender-based discrimination in social institutions tends to reduce income per capita by lowering both women’s human capital acquisition and labour force participation, as well as total factor productivity. Fourth, the income loss associated with gender discrimination in social institutions is estimated at up to USD 12 trillion, or 16% of world income. By contrast, a gradual dismantling of genderbased discriminatory social institutions by 2030 could increase the annual income global growth rate by 0.03 to 0.6 percentage points over the next 15 years, depending on the scenario. Such results are robust to changes in specifications and controls for potential endogeneity. Cet article évalue le gain de revenu potentiel associé à une plus grande parité entre les sexes dans les institutions sociales et le coût du niveau actuel de discrimination. À partir d’une analyse transversale, il examine comment les discriminations de genre dans les institutions sociales, mesurées par l’indicateur institutions sociales et égalité femme-homme de l’OCDE (SIGI), influencent la croissance économique de long terme. Les résultats indiquent tout d’abord que les institutions sociales discriminatoires entravent la croissance économique de long terme d’un pays au-delà de leurs effets sur les inégalités de genre en matière de résultats. Deuxièmement, cet effet est d’autant plus fort que les pays sont pauvres. Troisièmement, l’analyse des canaux de transmission suggère que les discriminations de genre dans les institutions sociales influencent la croissance de long-terme en restreignant l’accès des femmes à l’éducation et au marché du travail, ainsi qu’en réduisant la productivité totale des facteurs. Quatrièmement, le coût de la discrimination de genre dans les institutions sociales est estimé à une perte de revenu atteignant jusqu’à 12 milliards de dollars, soit 16 % du revenu mondial. Une diminution progressive des discriminations de genre dans les institutions sociales d’ici à 2030 pourrait augmenter les taux de croissance annuels mondiaux de 0.03 à 0.6 points de pourcentage pendant les 15 prochaines années, selon le scenario envisagé. Ces résultats sont robustes à des changements de spécifications et à l’utilisation de procédures d’estimations traitant des potentiels problèmes d’endogéneité.

Suggested Citation

  • Gaëlle Ferrant & Alexandre Kolev, 2016. "Does gender discrimination in social institutions matter for long-term growth?: Cross-country evidence," OECD Development Centre Working Papers 330, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:devaaa:330-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5jm2hz8dgls6-en
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    Cited by:

    1. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/14c56gh1hq9d1qglmadaub8jc9 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Hélène Périvier & Réjane Sénac, 2018. "The new spirit of neoliberalism: equality and economic prosperity," Sciences Po publications info:hdl:2441/14c56gh1hq9, Sciences Po.
    3. Hélène Périvier & Réjane Sénac, 2018. "The new spirit of neoliberalism: equality and economic prosperity," Post-Print hal-02403971, HAL.
    4. Khalid Maman Waziri, 2017. "Generalized Glass Ceilings in the United States – A Stochastic Metafrontier Approach," Working Papers halshs-01569834, HAL.
    5. Muhammad Asali & Rusudan Gurashvili, 2020. "Labour market discrimination and the macroeconomy," Economics of Transition and Institutional Change, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 28(3), pages 515-533, July.
    6. Hélène Périvier & Réjane Sénac, 2018. "The new spirit of neoliberalism: equality and economic prosperity," SciencePo Working papers Main hal-02403971, HAL.
    7. Haroon Ur Rashid Khan & Anwar Khan & Khalid Zaman & Agha Amad Nabi & Sanil S. Hishan & Talat Islam, 2017. "Gender discrimination in education, health, and labour market: a voice for equality," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 51(5), pages 2245-2266, September.
    8. Paola Demartini, 2019. "Why and How Women in Business Can Make Innovations in Light of the Sustainable Development Goals," Administrative Sciences, MDPI, vol. 9(3), pages 1-8, August.
    9. Baroki, Robert & Joshi, Christian & Maisonnave, Hélène & Mariam, Anastasie Bulumba, 2021. "Impact of pro-gender public policies in the agricultural sectors on women's employment in a context of economic dependence on natural resources: A case study of the DRC," 2021 Conference, August 17-31, 2021, Virtual 315114, International Association of Agricultural Economists.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    croissance; gender inequality; growth; income; institutions sociales; revenu; social institutions; sustainable development;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • O11 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
    • O43 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - Institutions and Growth

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