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Distinguishing between “normal” and “excess” returns for tax policy

Author

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  • Hayley Reynolds

    (National Treasury, South Africa)

  • Thomas Neubig

    (OECD)

Abstract

This paper explores the practical challenges tax policy analysts face when trying to apply differential taxation to “normal” and “excess” returns. The distinction between these two elements is being increasingly used in tax policy. The problem is that there is no clear definition for a “normal” return. While it is often equated to a risk-free return, or the return available on a ten-year government bond, many commentators agree that it should incorporate a risk element. The typical rationale for applying differential taxation stems from the desire to achieve neutral taxation, i.e. minimise the real economic responses of taxpayers due to the wedge taxation imposes between before-tax and after-tax returns. A set of important questions are raised for tax policy analysts to consider. Two crucial factors that make the distinction challenging are heterogeneity and uncertainty. Given the potential for unintended consequences, this is an important issue that warrants more discussion and thought. Politique fiscale : distinguer entre rendements « normaux » et « excessifs » Le présent document est consacré aux difficultés pratiques auxquelles les analystes de la politique fiscale sont confrontés lorsqu’ils essaient d’appliquer une imposition différenciée aux rendements selon qu’ils sont considérés comme « normaux » ou « excessifs ». Cette distinction est de plus en plus utilisée en politique fiscale. Le problème est qu’il n’existe pas de définition précise de ce qu’est un rendement « normal ». S’il est souvent assimilé à un rendement sur un actif sans risque, ou au rendement d’une obligation d’État à dix ans, nombre de commentateurs conviennent qu’il conviendrait d’y adjoindre un élément de risque. Le raisonnement ordinairement utilisé pour appliquer une imposition différenciée vient de la volonté d’assurer la neutralité de l’imposition, c’est-à-dire de minimiser les réponses économiques réelles des contribuables au coin fiscal qu’une imposition différenciée produit entre les rendements avant et après impôt. Ce point soulève plusieurs questions importantes que les analystes de la politique fiscale se doivent de prendre en compte. Ainsi, l’hétérogénéité et l’incertitude sont deux facteurs cruciaux qui rendent cette distinction difficile à manier. Étant donné les risques de conséquences non souhaitées, il s’agit là d’une question importante qui mérite que l’on en discute et que l’on y réfléchisse de manière plus approfondie.

Suggested Citation

  • Hayley Reynolds & Thomas Neubig, 2016. "Distinguishing between “normal” and “excess” returns for tax policy," OECD Taxation Working Papers 28, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:ctpaaa:28-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5jln6jct58vd-en
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