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Global Change in African Fish Trade: Engine of Development or Threat to Local Food Security?

Author

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  • Christophe Béné

    (WorldFish Center)

Abstract

Today fish is the most traded food commodity in the World. This situation is not without generating potential issues. On the one hand, fish trade is said to support economic growth processes in developing countries by providing an important source of cash revenue. On the other hand, fish trade is also said to lead to a decline in food security and a decrease in the availability of fish for the local population. In this paper we explore more thoroughly those two opposite views in the specific case of sub-Sahara Africa. For this we consider a range of eight national development indicators that encapsulate both economic and well-being of sub-Sahara countries over the last decade and correlate them against four indicators reflecting the country-specific importance of fish trade, industrial and small-scale fisheries in the economy of Sub-Sahara Africa. Our statistical analysis shows that when sub-Sahara countries’ data are considered at the macro-economic level the fear that fish trade may affect negatively fish food security is not substantiated by any statistical evidences. At the same time the analysis also shows no evidence to support the claim that international fish trade contributes effectively to national economic development and/or wellbeing. The last section of the paper discusses the various possible reasons for this apparent lack of correlation and highlights the respective flaws underlying the two opposite discourse about the role of fish trade in national development and food security. fish trade poverty reduction Sub-Sahara Africa trickle down Internationalisation et commerce du poisson africain: moteur de développement ou menace pour la sécurité alimentaire locale? Le poisson arrive aujourd’hui en tête dans les échanges mondiaux de produits alimentaires. Cette situation peut être appréciée de différentes manières. D’une part, le commerce du poisson sous tendrait le processus de croissance économique dans les pays en développement, grâce aux recettes appréciables ainsi générées. D’autre part, il aurait pour effet d’entamer la sécurité alimentaire et de réduire les quantités de poisson mises à la disposition des populations locales. Il s’agit ici d’étudier de plus près ces deux points de vue opposés dans le cas particulier de l’Afrique subsaharienne. Nous examinons à cette fin huit indicateurs nationaux de développement rendant compte à la fois de la réalité économique et du bien-être des pays de la région durant la décennie écoulée, en les articulant avec quatre indicateurs qui font ressortir, pour chaque pays, l’importance du commerce des produits halieutiques, de la pêche industrielle et de la pêche artisanale dans l’économie de l’Afrique subsaharienne. D’après notre analyse statistique, lorsque les données des pays subsahariens sont envisagées au niveau macroéconomique, la crainte d’un effet négatif sur la sécurité de l’approvisionnement en poisson ne se vérifie pas. L’analyse ne vient pas davantage étayer l’argument selon lequel le commerce international du poisson contribuerait effectivement au développement économique et/ou au bien-être national. La dernière section du document passe en revue les diverses raisons susceptibles d’expliquer cette absence apparente de corrélation et souligne les inconvénients respectifs des deux thèses qui s’affrontent sur le rôle joué par le commerce du poisson dans le développement et la sécurité alimentaire à l’échelle nationale.

Suggested Citation

  • Christophe Béné, 2008. "Global Change in African Fish Trade: Engine of Development or Threat to Local Food Security?," OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers 10, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:agraaa:10-en
    DOI: 10.1787/230215206300
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    Keywords

    economic growth; fish trade; poverty reduction; Sub-Sahara Africa; trickle down;
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