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Risk Tolerance, Gender, and Entrepreneurship: The case of the occupied Palestinian territory

Author

Listed:
  • Yousef Daoud
  • Ruba Shanti
  • Sana Kamal
  • Shaker Sarsour

Abstract

This paper analyzes the inter-relationships between entrepreneurial propensity, fear of failure (fof), and gender using the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) Adult Population Survey (APS) data for 2009, 2010, and 2012 for a number of countries. The results show that the fear of failure, higher among women, negatively affects entrepreneurial status while the skill perception does the opposite. It is also found that gender increases the probability of fear of failure, although this result is not stable over time. Using the Conditional Mixed Process (CMP) specification, we find that gender and fof both reduce the predicted probability of entrepreneurship consistently over time. The only variable that consistently predicts fof and is significant is skill perception; its impact is negative. Policy implications of this research point to the importance of reducing the gender gap in entrepreneurship. Particularly, in order to encourage more females to be entrepreneurs, there is a need to improve their skill perception. This will reduce fof and increase entrepreneurial propensity. This could be achieved by many tools such as through networking and media coverage of success stories, etc.

Suggested Citation

  • Yousef Daoud & Ruba Shanti & Sana Kamal & Shaker Sarsour, 2015. "Risk Tolerance, Gender, and Entrepreneurship: The case of the occupied Palestinian territory," Working Papers PMMA 2015-11, PEP-PMMA.
    • Handle: RePEc:lvl:pmmacr:2015-11
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    File URL: https://portal.pep-net.org/documents/download/id/25298
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    Cited by:

    1. Gao, Yang & Ge, Baoshan & Lang, Xiangxiang & Xu, Xiaobo, 2018. "Impacts of proactive orientation and entrepreneurial strategy on entrepreneurial performance: An empirical research," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 178-187.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Entrepreneurship; Gender; Risk Tolerance; Palestine;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • L26 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Entrepreneurship
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • D81 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
    • O53 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Asia including Middle East
    • O57 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Comparative Studies of Countries

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