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Hours, Employment, and Earnings of American Manufacturing Workers from the Nineteenth to the Twenty-First Centuries

Author

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  • Pencavel, John

    (Stanford University)

Abstract

For a century, two labor market empirical regularities characterized the movements of the hours of work, employment, and hourly compensation of American manufacturing production workers. They resembled conditional labor supply functions. Increases in employment substituted for reductions in hours per worker. The implied elasticities of hours and employment with respect to hourly earnings declined in absolute value over time. The activities of trade unions and the effects of statutory legislation contribute to the explanations for what is observed. Recently,changes in real hourly earnings contribute little to understanding movements in hours of work and in employment of these workers.

Suggested Citation

  • Pencavel, John, 2021. "Hours, Employment, and Earnings of American Manufacturing Workers from the Nineteenth to the Twenty-First Centuries," IZA Discussion Papers 14175, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    • Handle: RePEc:iza:izadps:dp14175
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    hours; employment; hourly compensation; labor supply;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J22 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
    • E24 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity
    • N32 - Economic History - - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy - - - U.S.; Canada: 1913-

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