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Estoque de Capital em Residências no Brasil (1970-1999)

Author

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  • Luís Otávio Reiff
  • Eustáquio J. Reis

Abstract

O estoque de capital em residências e a distribuição de sua apropriação entre as famílias são determinantes fundamentais da riqueza, bem-estar e produtividade da economia. Como parte de um projeto de pesquisa mais amplo sobre o estoque de capital da economia brasileira no século XX, este trabalho apresenta estimativas para o valor do estoque de residências no Brasil, de 1970 a 1999. O foco é macroeconômico, negligenciando aspectos distributivos e produtivos da propriedade residencial. A metodologia utiliza dados de aluguéis e características dos imóveis – número de cômodos e de banheiros, material de construção, acesso a água, eletricidade, entre outros − apurados nos Censos Demográficos e na Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (Pnad) para estimação dos preços dos seus atributos hedônicos. Após a introdução, o trabalho especifica o modelo dos preços hedônicos e as demais hipóteses utilizadas. Segue-se, na terceira seção, uma descrição dos dados. A quarta seção discute os problemas de estimação e simulação do modelo dos preços hedônicos para residências no Brasil. A quinta e última apresenta os principais resultados, mostrando que estes são bastante razoáveis na perspectiva internacional e que o acesso à infraestrutura de serviços públicos – água, eletricidade, coleta de lixo, entre outros − possui efeito significativo sobre o valor dos imóveis. À guisa de conclusão, o trabalho destaca a rentabilidade social dos investimentos em infraestrutura pública e, em particular, dos programas de financiamento e construção de habitação popular para populações de baixa renda cujos efeitos sobre a riqueza, a capacidade produtiva e a melhoria do bem-estar das famílias do país podem ser substanciais. Capital stock in residential structures, as well as the distribution of its appropriation and ownership among families are fundamental determinants of the wealth, welfare and productivity of the economy. As part of a broad project on the stock of capital of the Brazilian economy in the 20th Century, this paper presents estimates of the value of the stock in residential structures in Brazil from 1970 to 1999. The macroeconomic focus neglects the distributive and allocative effects of residential property and use. The model of hedonic prices is applied to data on the values of rents and other characteristic of the residences – number of rooms and bathroom, construction material, accesss to public servies such as electricity, water, garbage collection, among other – to estimate the hedonic prices of these attributes. After the introduction, the models discusss the specification of the hedonic model as well as of other hypothesis used in the estimation. The third section describes the database. The fourth section discusses estimation methods and problems. The fifth section analyses the results showing, on the one hand, that they seem to be quite reasonable in international perspective, and on the other that attributes related to the public infrastructure have fundamental impactos on the value to residential stock. The paper concludes calling attention to the high social return of public investments in infrastructure, and in particular of the investments and financing of housing projects for low income families which can have substantial effectos on the wealth, productive capacity, and welfare of Brazilian society.

Suggested Citation

  • Luís Otávio Reiff & Eustáquio J. Reis, 2016. "Estoque de Capital em Residências no Brasil (1970-1999)," Discussion Papers 2265, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:2265
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