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Dinâmica Populacional e de Empregos nos Centros Urbanos das Metrópoles Brasileiras

Author

Listed:
  • Vanessa Gapriotti Nadalin
  • Matheus dos Santos Rabetti
  • Cléo Alves Pinto de Oliveira
  • Bernardo Alves Furtado
  • Carolina Baima Cavalcanti

Abstract

Este texto apresenta os resultados centrais da pesquisa desenvolvida em parceria entre o Ministério das Cidades (MCidades) e o Instituto de Ipea, intitulada Retrato das Áreas Centrais no Brasil. A pesquisa investiga a dinâmica populacional e de empregos nas áreas centrais urbanas de doze capitais selecionadas (Belém, Belo Horizonte, Brasília, Curitiba, Fortaleza, Goiânia, Manaus, Porto Alegre, Recife, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador e São Paulo). Nesse sentido, são conceituadas e delimitadas as áreas centrais das cidades, e feita a compatibilização dos perímetros com os setores censitários para o período 1991-2010. A análise da dinâmica de empregos foi realizada a partir de mapas de calor, ou densidade de Kernel, utilizando-se de dados da Relação Anual de Informações Sociais (Rais) do Ministério do Trabalho e Previdência Social (MTPS), para os anos de 2003 a 2012. Essa análise permitiu a delimitação e a conceituação de centralidades e sua comparação com as áreas centrais. A contribuição metodológica principal da pesquisa é a análise intraurbana georreferenciada dos empregos privados. Contudo, cumpre esclarecer que a disponibilidade da base de dados impediu a análise de empregos públicos. Os resultados indicam que há perda de população nas áreas centrais no período 1991-2000; porém, ocorre recuperação no decênio seguinte. Os empregos descentralizam-se no período analisado. Indicações de pesquisa futura constam das considerações finais da pesquisa. This paper presents the results of the research project carried over by the Ministry of Cities and the Institute of Applied Economic Research, entitled ‘Central urban areas of Brazilian cities’. The research investigates the population and employment dynamics in central urban areas of twelve selected capitals. Thus, central areas are conceptualized and delimited for each city. Their perimeters are then made compatibility with the census tracts for the years 1991, 2000 and 2010. The analysis of the dynamics of jobs was based on Kernel heat maps, using data from the Annual Social Information of the Ministry of Labor for the years 2003 and 2012. These analyses allowed the definition and concept of centralities and its comparison with the central areas. The main methodological contribution of the research is the analysis of georeferenced intraurban jobs. However, it is clarifying that the availability of the database impeded the analysis of public positions Results indicate that there is loss of population in central areas for the period 1991-2000. However, recovery of population is observed in the next decade. Jobs decentralization over urban tissue is verified for the period 2003-2012. Indications of future research are also presented.

Suggested Citation

  • Vanessa Gapriotti Nadalin & Matheus dos Santos Rabetti & Cléo Alves Pinto de Oliveira & Bernardo Alves Furtado & Carolina Baima Cavalcanti, 2016. "Dinâmica Populacional e de Empregos nos Centros Urbanos das Metrópoles Brasileiras," Discussion Papers 2228, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:2228
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