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O Que Mostram as Demonstrações? Balanços e resultados dos bancos centrais

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  • Antonio Carlos Macedo e Silva

Abstract

Este texto tem como principal objeto as demonstrações financeiras dos bancos centrais. O ponto de partida é o seu balanço patrimonial, que revela relações estreitas e às vezes perigosas com os tesouros nacionais e com as instituições financeiras. O balanço revela não apenas os instrumentos de política monetária empregados, mas também a posição estrutural de liquidez da autoridade monetária em relação ao sistema financeiro. Isto é, como credora – caso em que ordinariamente subministra liquidez, de forma a fazer valer a meta da taxa de juros; ou devedora – quando, com o mesmo objetivo, sistematicamente absorve liquidez, como no caso do Brasil e de muitos outros países em desenvolvimento. Dos estoques, passa-se para os fluxos, analisando-se os resultados financeiros da instituição, e mostra-se que estes resultados dependem crucialmente da institucionalidade, incluindo-se as regras contábeis. This paper deals with the financial statements of Central Banks. The starting point is the analysis of their balance sheets, which reveal their strong connections, on the one hand, with the National Treasuries; on the other hand, with the financial firms. The balance sheets reveal, besides the monetary policy instruments employed by the Central Bank, its structural liquidity position. If the banking system features a structural liquidity deficit, the Central Bank will provide the required reserves, so as to enforce its policy rate. In the opposite case – as in Brazil and many other developing countries – the Central Bank will be in the job of absorbing surplus liquidity. From the stocks, the paper moves on to flows, analyzing Central Banks’ financial results, showing that they crucially depend on the institutions (including the accounting standards).

Suggested Citation

  • Antonio Carlos Macedo e Silva, 2016. "O Que Mostram as Demonstrações? Balanços e resultados dos bancos centrais," Discussion Papers 2224, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:2224
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