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Análise do Uso das TICs em Escolas Públicas e Privadas a partir da Teoria da Atividade

Author

Listed:
  • Willian Washington Wives
  • Luis Claudio Kubota
  • Tel Amiel

Abstract

A introdução de novas tecnologias em ambiente escolar raramente parte apenas de uma decisão individual do educador. Ela se insere em um contexto mais amplo, em que se apresentam questões internas e externas à instituição de ensino. O objetivo deste Texto para Discussão é investigar as condições sistêmicas que contribuem ou inibem o desenvolvimento de diferentes atividades preparadas pelos docentes com o uso de novas tecnologias da informação e comunicação (TICs), por meio de quatro estudos de caso. As unidades de análise foram dois colégios particulares e duas escolas públicas de Brasília. O arcabouço conceitual para a análise foi a teoria da atividade (TA). Conduzimos um múltiplo estudo de caso em quatro escolas, particulares e públicas. Entre os principais resultados, podem-se destacar: a importância da liderança para que o uso das TICs se dê de forma integrada na instituição de ensino; a proatividade como modo de superar as limitações materiais (no caso das públicas); o fato de as condições materiais não necessariamente significarem práticas mais arrojadas no uso das TICs; e o fato de os níveis de inserção das tecnologias não indicarem qualquer relação fundamental com a mudança nos papéis tradicionais de professores e estudantes. Trabalhos dessa natureza devem ser analisados com cautela, ao se inferirem suas conclusões para o conjunto. No entanto, permitem vislumbrar uma série de nuances que não seria possível captar de outro modo. School technology integration rarely begins with school or educator choice. It is part of a wider context where external and internal factors have direct influence on the goals and tools that are adopted over time. The objective of this discussion paper is to investigate the systemic conditions that contribute or inhibit the development of different activities by teachers making use of new media. We compiled a list of well-known conditions for technology integration success and mapped these in the historical and culturally bound perspective of cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT). We conducted a multiple case-study analysis of four schools, public and private. Among the main results, we can highlight the following: the importance of the leadership for an integrated use of ICTs in the schools, proactivity as a means to overcome material limitations (for the public schools), material conditions do not necessarily translate in more advanced practices in ICT use, different levels of ICT use do not have any structural relation with the change in traditional teacher and student roles. Case studies such as this have to be analyzed with caution when trying to generate inferences to school systems as a whole. On the other hand, study proposes a methodology that can help elicit tensions in technology integration, pointing to avenues for school development.

Suggested Citation

  • Willian Washington Wives & Luis Claudio Kubota & Tel Amiel, 2016. "Análise do Uso das TICs em Escolas Públicas e Privadas a partir da Teoria da Atividade," Discussion Papers 2218, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:2218
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