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Uma Reflexão sobre a Problemática da Baixa Produtividade do Trabalho na Economia Brasileira: o desafio das empresas de pequeno porte

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  • Mauro Oddo Nogueira

Abstract

Desde o limiar do século XXI, a questão da produtividade passou a compartilhar o protagonismo do debate econômico. A partir de então, diversos estudos foram realizados tendo como objeto a economia brasileira, e a constatação unânime foi a de que o país não vem conseguindo evoluir a produtividade média de sua economia de modo a aproximar-se daquela dos países centrais da economia global. O diagnóstico resultante é de que este é um sério obstáculo para que o Brasil supere sua profunda desigualdade social. Este estudo parte da premissa de que a produtividade média do trabalho da economia nacional é baixa, principalmente devido à sua heterogeneidade estrutural, e busca identificar os estratos da estrutura produtiva de mais baixa produtividade, os quais são responsáveis pela redução da média. Identifica, então, tanto pela análise da composição destes estratos quanto com base em comparações internacionais, que o segmento das micro e pequenas empresas (MPEs) é o principal responsável pelo fenômeno no país. A partir desta constatação, analisa as possíveis trajetórias capazes de superar este problema e assume que a elevação da produtividade destas firmas, e não uma mudança estrutural, seria o principal caminho para um processo de desenvolvimento inclusivo. Sugere, também, que esta trajetória seria a única capaz de criar um ambiente econômico capaz de absorver os transbordamentos do progresso técnico. Por fim, propõe que as políticas de desenvolvimento – particularmente as de incentivo à inovação – tenham como foco a melhoria e a modernização dos processos produtivos e de gestão das empresas de pequeno porte. Since the threshold of the 21st century, the issue of productivity began to occupy a central role in economic debate. From that point, many studies concerning the Brazilian economy have been made, and the unanimous conclusion was that the country has been unable to increase the average productivity of its economy in order to approaches the ones of central countries of the global economy. The resulting diagnostic is that this is a major hindrance for Brazil to overcome its deep social inequality. This study assumes that the average labor productivity of the national economy is so low mainly due to its structural heterogeneity and tries to identify which strata of its productive structure are those with the lowest productivity and responsible for the reduction in the average. It then goes on to identify, both through the analysis of these strata composition and based in international comparisons, that the segment of micro and small businesses is the main responsible for this phenomenon in the country. From that, it analyses the possible trajectories through which this problem could be overcame and assumes that the elevation of the productivity of these firms, instead of a structural change, would be the best course for a process of inclusive development. It also suggests that this trajectory would be the only one able to establish an economic environment in which the overflow of technical progress is absorbed. Finally, it proposes that development policies – particularly the ones of incentive to innovation – should focus on the improvement and modernization of productive and management processes of small businesses.

Suggested Citation

  • Mauro Oddo Nogueira, 2016. "Uma Reflexão sobre a Problemática da Baixa Produtividade do Trabalho na Economia Brasileira: o desafio das empresas de pequeno porte," Discussion Papers 2208, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:2208
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