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Colônias de Povoamento Versus Colônias de Exploração: de Heeren a Acemoglu

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  • Leonardo Monasterio
  • Philipp Ehrl

Abstract

Este trabalho examina a evolução da tese que sustenta que o tipo de colonização determina, ou condiciona, o futuro das sociedades. Smith (1776) já apresentava esta proposição e uma tipologia das colônias. Contudo, foram os autores alemães Heeren (1817) e Roscher (1856), no século XIX, os responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento da tese. Estes historiadores influenciaram o economista ortodoxo francês Leroy-Beaulieu (1902), que tratou do assunto em obra publicada em 1902. Fica claro que Caio Prado Júnior foi mais um divulgador da tese colônia de povoamento versus colônia de exploração no Brasil do que seu criador. Nos Estados Unidos, a ideia ressurge nas obras de North (1955; 1959) e de Baldwin (1956).Mais recentemente, os cliometristas Engerman e Sokoloff (1997) aprofundaram a questão, sem fazer referência aos autores europeus. Finalmente, Acemoglu, Johnson e Robinson (2001; 2002) – citando apenas a literatura neoinstitucional – levaram a tese para um público acadêmico mais amplo e apresentaram evidências econométricas. Este estudo se encerra com a discussão sobre as possíveis razões do sucesso da tese e da sua recorrente “descoberta” pelos pesquisadores. The paper examines the evolution of the thesis which states that the type of colonization determines, or conditions, the future of societies. Adam Smith already presented this proposition and a typology of colonies. However, it were the German authors Heeren and Roscher, in the 19th century, who developed the thesis. These historians influenced the French orthodox economist Leroy-Beaulieu, who dealt with the issue in a work published in 1902. Clearly, Caio Prado Jr. was another promoter of the dichotomy “settlement colony versus extractive/exploitation colony” in Brazil rather than its creator. In the United States, the idea resurfaces in the works of Douglass North (1955 and 1959) and Richard Baldwin (1957). More recently, cliometricians as Engerman and Sokoloff (1997) developed the proposition without reference to the European authors. Finally, Acemoglu, Johnson and Robinson (2001 and 2002) introduced the thesis to a wider academic audience and offered econometric evidence. The present paper concludes with a discussion on the possible reasons for the success of the thesis and its recurring “discovery” by researchers.

Suggested Citation

  • Leonardo Monasterio & Philipp Ehrl, 2015. "Colônias de Povoamento Versus Colônias de Exploração: de Heeren a Acemoglu," Discussion Papers 2119, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:2119
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