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Exportações e Desempenho das Firmas: Uma Revisão Bibliográfica

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  • Bruno César Araújo

Abstract

Este trabalho visa sistematizar o conhecimento a respeito da relação entre exportações e desempenho ao nível da firma em países desenvolvidos, países em desenvolvimento, e no Brasil. Especialmente, este texto presta especial atenção à hipótese do aprendizado de exportação (learning-by-exporting), referente à possibilidade de melhoria de desempenho por parte das firmas – em especial, de produtividade – posterior à entrada no mercado internacional. De maneira geral, a confirmação da hipótese do aprendizado, quando presente, tende a ocorrer nos artigos referentes a países em desenvolvimento e ao Brasil. Uma possível explicação é que as firmas nestes países tendem a se situar mais distantes da fronteira tecnológica, então, marginalmente elas têm mais a ganhar com o comércio internacional. Em suma, esta revisão aponta que firmas mais competitivas tornam-se exportadoras, mas as exportadoras não necessariamente se tornam mais competitivas. This literature review aims to systematize the knowledge about the relationship between exports and firm performance, in developed countries, developing countries and in Brazil. Especially, this review pays particular attention to the learning-by-exporting hypothesis, that is, firms’ performance improvements - in particular, in productivity – experienced after the entry into the international market. In general, the confirmation of the learning-by-exporting hypothesis, when present, tends to occur in the articles relating to developing countries and Brazil. One possible explanation is that firms in these countries tend to operate below the technological frontier; hence, they have more to gain from international trade, at least marginally. In short, this review shows that competitive firms become exporters, but not necessarily exporters become more competitive.

Suggested Citation

  • Bruno César Araújo, 2014. "Exportações e Desempenho das Firmas: Uma Revisão Bibliográfica," Discussion Papers 2008, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:2008
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