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O Brasil Emergente e os Desafios da Governança global: A Paz Liberal em Questão

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  • Monica Hirst

Abstract

Tornou-se cada vez mais consensual na literatura de relações internacionais a constatação de que o sistema internacional se move em direção a um reordenamento, no qual a presença das potências emergentes constitui uma das forças de propulsão. Os avanços serão lentos, parciais e, certamente, insatisfatórios quanto à edificação de um sistema justo e equilibrado. Nesse contexto, o Brasil busca inserir-se pró-ativamente em transição na qual países que já contam com acumulação sólida de recursos de poder se veem pressionados a compartilhar espaços de governança global com potências emergentes. O foco deste texto será o conteúdo político que se busca outorgar a esta transição; qual seja, um enfoque alternativo ao do internacionalismo liberal. Pretende-se indicar de que forma o país ampliou nos anos recentes sua projeção como um poder emergente, ao buscar assegurar presença e capacidade de influência em âmbitos de governança global. Argumenta-se que este empenho corresponde a um dos principais substratos de poder brando da política externa brasileira. Para tanto, serão abordados os posicionamentos brasileiros no tratamento de situações de crise e/ou conflito, o que envolve opções tais como: a negociação diplomática, a criação de comissões especiais, a aplicação de sanções, a criação de missões de paz, a intervenção militar e o uso da força. Atenção especial será concernente a 2011, já que esse ano representou um passo adiante nos esforços da diplomacia brasileira de articulação com colegas emergentes no Conselho de Segurança da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU), com os quais o país atuou conjuntamente pela primeira vez enquanto membro eletivo. As posições brasileiras se somaram às de seus parceiros do Ibas (Índia e África do Sul), para reforçar posturas que pretendiam conter e se contrapor ao uso da “caixa de ferramentas” do internacionalismo liberal. Brazil, together with India and South Africa, now represent a renewed source of international pressure, views, and resources. IBSA has brought together these three developing nations, that are regional owerhouses, therefore simultaneously opening space for affirmative multilateralism, intra-South political coordination. They countries have been dedicating special attention to the rule-making process of global governance agendas and institutions. While broadening and deepening the scope of their responsibilities and commitments to other developing countries, they have been crafting innovative forms of inter-state collaboration. The chance to sit together at the UNSC in 2011 as non-permanent members became a major opportunity for IBSA. During this year, this group was able to share and reinforce the values and perspectives on world politics and security in an effort to strengthen a Southern critical appraisal of the post-cold war liberal peace concepts and prescriptions. Whereas western powers have downplayed the importance of reviewing its methods and procedures UNSC, IBSA countries have transmitted their special concern with the flaws of UN bureaucratic coordination, the needs for improvement in the links between SC, the GA and the executive boards of the UN agencies. Brazil has become especially concerned with the question of legitimacy of the use of force in international intervention as well as the humanitarian impact of military action and the importance of solutions which sought equilibrium between peace, solidarity, sovereignty and sustainable development.“Assistance and cooperation, rather than coercion must be our watchwords”, have been Brazil’s pledge at the UNCS.

Suggested Citation

  • Monica Hirst, 2014. "O Brasil Emergente e os Desafios da Governança global: A Paz Liberal em Questão," Discussion Papers 1986, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:1986
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