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Burocracia, Democracia e Políticas Públicas: Arranjos Institucionais de Políticas de Desenvolvimento

Author

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  • Roberto Rocha C. Pires
  • Alexandre de Avila Gomide

Abstract

Atualmente, muito se tem debatido sobre a possibilidade de o país estar retomando, embora em novas formas, políticas de caráter desenvolvimentista. Contudo, pouco se tem discutido a respeito das capacidades do Estado de formular e executar tais políticas, sobretudo, no contexto de vigência das instituições democráticas instaurado pela Constituição Federal de 1988. Este texto visa compreender como se dão empiricamente as interações entre a implementação de políticas de desenvolvimento e os requisitos democráticos de controle, participação e transparência, focando nas tensões e sinergias resultantes. Para tal, utiliza-se da abordagem dos arranjos político-institucionais e do método comparativo orientado por estudos de casos para avaliar as capacidades do Estado de implementar políticas públicas. Conclui-se: i) que o nível de execução dos programas analisados apresenta-se associado ao nível de capacidade técnico-administrativa promovida pelos arranjos de implementação; e ii) que a existência e a operação de instâncias de participação, de controle e de relações com o Congresso Nacional exercem papel expressivo na promoção de inovações ao longo do processo de execução das políticas estudadas. Os resultados apresentados e as interpretações inferidas sugerem que a promoção de políticas de desenvolvimento em contexto democrático requer, além das capacidades técnico-administrativas da gestão pública, capacidades políticas adequadas, no sentido de incluir atores e processar os conflitos de interesses decorrentes, com vistas a levar os objetivos dos programas e projetos governamentais a termo. Since the last decade, there has been much debate on the central government’s activism in the implementation of development policies that resemble those from Brazil’s authoritarian past. However, only rarely, scholars and practitioners have discussed the state capacities that are necessary to execute such policies in the democratic environment, instituted by the 1988 Constitution. This article seeks to understand empirically the interactions between development policies implementation and democratic requisites such as transparency, public participation, and political and bureaucratic oversight, focusing on the tensions and synergies resulting from such interactions and their implications for policy. The paper draws from the comparative analysis of eight case studies of current development policies. The analysis centers on the evaluation of the state capacities created or mobilized during the implementation of such policies. The findings indicate that i) the level of execution of policy goals is associated with the level of technical-administrative capacity that implementation arrangements are able to provide; and ii) the existence and operation of participatory mechanisms, oversight bodies, and interactions with Congress contributed to revisions and innovations during the implementation of these policies. Thus, successful development policies implemented under democratic environments demand not only the technical-administrative capacities necessary for management and execution, but also the political capacities that enable the inclusion of social and political actors, and the processing of conflicts and their potentially divergent interests.

Suggested Citation

  • Roberto Rocha C. Pires & Alexandre de Avila Gomide, 2014. "Burocracia, Democracia e Políticas Públicas: Arranjos Institucionais de Políticas de Desenvolvimento," Discussion Papers 1940, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:1940
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