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A Dinâmica Recente do Setor de Defesa no Brasil: Análise das Características e do Envolvimento das Firmas Contratadas

Author

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  • Flávia de Holanda Schmidt
  • Lucas Rocha Soares de Assis

Abstract

Ao longo da última década, a indústria de defesa tem obtido, de modo mais consistente, relevância na pauta das políticas públicas do governo brasileiro, entre as quais cabe destaque para a Política Nacional da Indústria de Defesa (PNID), de 2005, a Estratégia Nacional de Defesa (END), de 2008, e o Plano Brasil Maior (PBM), de 2011. A revitalização em curso não apenas possui amparo em documentos governamentais e na legislação como também é um projeto que se encontra efetivamente em andamento no setor produtivo, como se observa por meio dos grandes projetos recentes que têm articulado o Ministério da Defesa (MD) e as Forças Armadas e a indústria. Tendo por premissa que o êxito desse processo exige não apenas que as Forças Armadas tenham equipamentos modernos e militares hábeis em operá-los, mas também que o país detenha o conhecimento tecnológico que possibilite a produção destes equipamentos em território nacional, bem como as condições para o seu constante aperfeiçoamento e a introdução de inovações. Este texto oferece informações sobre as contratações empreendidas entre 2001 e 2010 pelo MD e organizações subordinadas para a aquisição de bens de defesa e analisa características selecionadas das firmas fornecedoras de produtos de defesa no Brasil. Considerando ainda que o MD, ao ser o comprador principal – quase único – do setor no país, pode exigir atributos que visem ao desenvolvimento de uma indústria de características microeconômicas diferenciadas, haja vista que determina as condições de seleção para cada aquisição, as análises feitas no trabalho buscam verificar se o MD está conseguindo, pela seleção de fornecedores, contribuir para o desenvolvimento de uma Base Industrial de Defesa (BID) adequada aos interesses nacionais, testando a hipótese de diferenciação dos atributos individuais das fornecedoras de defesa do país. Os resultados indicam que em 2010 os valores totais de contratos obtidos pelas firmas foram positivamente associados com características microeconômicas que estão relacionadas com o estabelecimento de uma BID sustentável e competitiva. Over the last decade, the defense industry has consistently obtained relevance on the agenda of public policies of the Brazilian government, among which it is worth highlighting the National Defense Industry Policy (2005), the National Defense Strategy (2008), and the Greater Brazil Plan (2011). The ongoing revitalization not only has support in government documents and legislation as it is also taking place in the productive sector, as seen through the large recent projects that have articulated the Ministry of Defense (MD) and the Armed Forces and Brazilian industry. Departing from the premise that the success of this process requires not only that the Armed Forces have modern equipment and skilled military to operate them, but also that the country retains the technological expertise that enables the production of such equipment inward, and the conditions for their constant improvement and introduction of innovations, this text offers information on defense procurement undertaken between 2001 and 2010 by the MD and subordinate organizations for the purchase of defense goods and analyzes selected characteristics of supplying firms. Considering also that the MD, as the main buyer of the industry in the country – virtually the single one, may shape industry development through the requirement of specific attributes, once it determines the selection conditions for each acquisition, this paper analyzes if the MD has been able, through the selection of its suppliers, to contribute to the development of a Defense Industrial Base (DIB) that is adequate to national interests, testing the hypothesis of differentiation of individual attributes of supplying firms. The results indicate that in 2010 the total value of contracts obtained by firms was positively associated with microeconomic characteristics that are related to the establishment of a sustainable and competitive DIB.

Suggested Citation

  • Flávia de Holanda Schmidt & Lucas Rocha Soares de Assis, 2013. "A Dinâmica Recente do Setor de Defesa no Brasil: Análise das Características e do Envolvimento das Firmas Contratadas," Discussion Papers 1878, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:1878
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